{"id":4564,"date":"2015-07-18T17:38:08","date_gmt":"2015-07-18T15:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=4564"},"modified":"2015-07-18T17:40:17","modified_gmt":"2015-07-18T15:40:17","slug":"nje-familje-shqiptare-e-ulqinit-si-model-per-te-shpjeguar-boten-mesdhetare-te-shekullit-16-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=4564","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb familje shqiptare e Ulqinit si model p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar bot\u00ebn mesdhetare t\u00eb shekullit 16-t\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"noel-familja-ulqinake-model-shpjegimi\"<\/a>Arritja e madhe e Noel Malcolmit, studiues serioz n\u00eb \u00abAll Souls College\u00bb n\u00eb Oxford, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb histori me shum\u00eb tipare \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebj\u00eb lexuesin t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se sa pak kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte konflikti nd\u00ebrmjet Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb dhe Sulltanatit osman me ideologjin\u00eb fetare dhe se sa lidhej me luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtet. Ai ka zgjedhur q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ta b\u00ebj\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet prizmit t\u00eb dy familjeve shqiptare, Brun\u00ebve dhe Brut\u00ebve, q\u00eb kishin lidhje martesore n\u00eb Ulqin, qytet shqiptar n\u00eb cepin jugor t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi modern, shkruan \u00abFinancial Times\u00bb p\u00ebr librin m\u00eb t\u00eb ri t\u00eb historianit britanik.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga Christopher SILVESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bota mesdhetare e shekullit t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb ishte me besnik\u00ebri jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb brishta. P\u00ebr shum\u00ebk\u00ebnd, Adriatiku ishte nj\u00eb liqe venedikas, edhe pse osman\u00ebt ia kishin dal\u00eb mban\u00eb t\u00eb hidhnin grepin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb venedikase; Mesdheu lindor do t\u00eb mbetej liqe osman edhe pas shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb flot\u00ebs osmane n\u00eb Betej\u00ebn e Lepantos m\u00eb 1571. Ata q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb cepet e k\u00ebtyre dy perandorive, duhej t\u00eb m\u00ebsoheshin t\u00eb jetonin nd\u00ebrmjet dy bot\u00ebrave.<\/p>\n

Gjeopolitika e shekullit t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb ishte pun\u00eb alamet e nd\u00ebrlikuar. Venedikasit p\u00ebrbuznin spanjoll\u00ebt, q\u00eb sundonin Italin\u00eb jugore n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Napolit dhe i druanin pushtimit osman. Osman\u00ebt kishin lejuar disa prej shteteve t\u00eb tyre vasale t\u00eb mbeteshin t\u00eb krishtera. Kur Polonia zgjodhi monarkun e saj, Voivod\u00ebn (princin sundimtar) e Transilvanis\u00eb, nj\u00eb vasale osmane, ai u pajtua q\u00eb Polonia t\u00eb mbetej neutrale n\u00eb lidhje me perandorin\u00eb e Habsburg\u00ebve, armikun e madh t\u00eb osman\u00ebve n\u00eb Ballkan. Madje edhe Mbret\u00ebresha Elizabetha e Par\u00eb e Anglis\u00eb ishte pro-osmane, duke furnizuar me barutin e domosdosh\u00ebm industrin\u00eb osmane t\u00eb armatimit, sepse Sulltani ishte armik i armikut t\u00eb saj, Filipit t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Lufta nd\u00ebrmjet osman\u00ebve dhe venedikasve nuk kishte ndonj\u00eb kuptim n\u00ebse do t\u00eb zgjaste p\u00ebr koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, meq\u00eb ekonomia osmane e varur prej taksave doganore, ark\u00ebtonte para prej tregtar\u00ebve venedikas n\u00eb Levant. Kishte nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb piraterie mesdhetare, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, t\u00eb krishter\u00eb e osman\u00eb rr\u00ebmbenin ngarkesa dhe pengje, si dhe i tregtonin nd\u00ebrmjet vete. Kishte nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues profesional\u00eb t\u00eb hara\u00e7it, madje edhe pengje me detyra, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt paguheshin me nj\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb vendin e nj\u00eb t\u00eb burgosuri derisa t\u00eb nxirrej hara\u00e7i p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Arritja e madhe e Noel Malcolmit, studiues serioz n\u00eb \u00abAll Souls College\u00bb n\u00eb Oxford, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb histori me shum\u00eb tipare \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebj\u00eb lexuesin t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se sa pak kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte konflikti nd\u00ebrmjet Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb dhe Sulltanatit osman me ideologjin\u00eb fetare dhe se sa lidhej me luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtet. Ai ka zgjedhur q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ta b\u00ebj\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet prizmit t\u00eb dy familjeve shqiptare, Brun\u00ebve dhe Brut\u00ebve, q\u00eb kishin lidhje martesore n\u00eb Ulqin, qytet shqiptar n\u00eb cepin jugor t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi modern. Libri i tij k\u00ebrkon nj\u00ebfar\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimi, meq\u00eb ka shum\u00eb emra vendesh dhe terminologji q\u00eb t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb, e l\u00ebre m\u00eb lidhjet e ndryshme martesore. Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb teprohet me detaje, por cop\u00ebzat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme si Beteja e Lepantos jan\u00eb shtruar me mjesht\u00ebri, atmosfera e spiunazhit n\u00eb Stamboll \u00ebsht\u00eb bind\u00ebse me ngjyrimet e dh\u00ebna, dhe ia vlen t\u00eb lexohen me kujdes edhe detajet e skenave an\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

\u00abBrun\u00ebt dhe Brut\u00ebt ishin amfib\u00eb t\u00eb zellsh\u00ebm linguistik\u00eb dhe kulturor\u00eb\u00bb, shkruan Malcolm. Ata gjithashtu ishin njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kishin dal\u00eb e sh\u00ebtitur. N\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebfimit, Ulqini ishte pjes\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb venedikase p\u00ebrtej detit t\u00eb njohur si \u00abStato de Mar\u00bb, nd\u00ebrsa \u00e7do qytetar paguante taksat venedikase, p\u00ebrdorte nj\u00ebsit\u00eb\u00a0 mat\u00ebse dhe peshat venedikase, dhe pranoi monopolin e shtetit p\u00ebr prodhimin dhe tregtimin e krip\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, Venediku ofronte mbrojtje prej pushtimit osman. Kur Ulqini ra n\u00eb duar t\u00eb osman\u00ebve, Brun\u00ebt dhe Brut\u00ebt q\u00eb ende nuk u ishin dor\u00ebzuar osman\u00ebve, kishin zgjedhur drejtime t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Antonio Bruti komandonte nj\u00eb brigad\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn osmano-venedikase t\u00eb viteve 1537-40 dhe gjithashtu luftoi n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb Tivarit e Ulqinit. Ai sh\u00ebrbeu gjat\u00eb tridhjet\u00eb viteve t\u00eb ardhshme n\u00eb Venecia si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues dallaveraxhi n\u00eb rajon, duke mbledhur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna spiunazhi, tregtuar drith\u00ebra dhe negociuar me osman\u00ebt p\u00ebr lirimin e ngarkesave t\u00eb vjedhura dhe qytetar\u00ebt e rr\u00ebmbyer venedikas. M\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi prej t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre roleve ishte ai i tregtarit t\u00eb drith\u00ebrave, meq\u00eb Venedikut i duheshin 108 tonelata drith\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb p\u00ebr ushqimin e popullsis\u00eb prej 158 mij\u00eb banor\u00ebsh, derisa Stambollit me popullsin\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 mij\u00eb banor\u00ebsh, i duheshin 340 tonelata n\u00eb dit\u00eb. Shpallur kalor\u00ebs i Sh\u00ebn Markut, Antonio Bruti vdiq kur Ulqini ra n\u00eb duar t\u00eb osman\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Dy prej kunet\u00ebve t\u00eb tij Bruni kishte karriera t\u00eb bujshme. Giovanni Bruni kaloi dy vite n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Trentit (n\u00eb Italin\u00eb veriore), ku Kisha Katolike Romane po p\u00ebrpiqej me zor t\u00eb zbatonte reformat e saj. Pastaj, iu p\u00ebrkushtua promovimit t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs Katolike Romane n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ku sh\u00ebrbeu si kryeipeshk\u00ebv i Tivarit nga viti 1551 deri m\u00eb 1571. V\u00ebllai i tij, Gasparo, mori rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Zotit, duke iu bashkuar rendit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb Kalor\u00ebsve t\u00eb Malt\u00ebs. Kur erdhi puna te Beteja e Lepantos, Gasparo ishte luft\u00ebtar n\u00eb nj\u00eb galer\u00eb venedikase, derisa Giovanni, q\u00eb ishte kapur n\u00eb Tivar, ishte skllav n\u00eb nj\u00eb galer\u00eb osmane.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb prej t\u00eb bijve t\u00eb Brutit, Bartolomeo, nisi pun\u00ebn si p\u00ebrkthyes, apo dragoman, me bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb tregtare venedikase n\u00eb Stamboll, duke hequr dor\u00eb prej asaj detyre q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej diplomat dhe pastaj spiun p\u00ebr Mbretin e Spanj\u00ebs. Por kush\u00ebriri i tij shqiptar, Sinan Pasha, q\u00eb ishte rritur n\u00eb Stamboll, u zgjodh Vezir i Madh i Sulltanit, em\u00ebroi Bartolomeon me detyr\u00ebn e Voivod\u00ebs s\u00eb Moldavis\u00eb, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr sundimtar vasal osman i krishter\u00eb. Ku rmb\u00ebrriti n\u00eb Moldavi, Bartolomeos iu dha tok\u00eb dhe titull prej Pap\u00ebs si kryepromovues i Kish\u00ebs Katolike Romane n\u00eb rajon. Megjithat\u00eb, pati fund posht\u00ebrues n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 35-vjecare kur nj\u00eb Voivod\u00eb i ri, q\u00eb kishte huazuar para prej tij, vendosi m\u00eb par\u00eb ta vriste, se sa t\u2019ia shlyente borxhin.<\/p>\n

Kishte edhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb kishin sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme. V\u00ebllai m\u00eb i ri i Bartolomeos, Cristoforo, u b\u00eb dragoman n\u00eb Stamboll dhe u martua me nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb familjeje tjet\u00ebr dragoman\u00ebsh, duke krijuar atje nj\u00eb minidinasti, nd\u00ebrkaq v\u00ebllai tjet\u00ebr i Bartolomeos, Benedetto, dhe nipi nga ana e motr\u00ebs, Pasquale Bruti, t\u00eb dy ndaras, u munduan t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsonin paqen nd\u00ebrmjet Habsburg\u00ebve dhe osman\u00ebve n\u00eb Ballkan. Pasquale ishte arrestuar dhe vrar\u00eb prej nj\u00eb guvernatori ushtarak osman. Qysh edhe thash\u00eb n\u00eb krye t\u00eb her\u00ebs, duhet ta lexoni me mpreht\u00ebsi rr\u00ebfimin.\/dialogplus.ch\/<\/p>\n

\"noel-familja-ulqinake-model-shpjegimi\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arritja e madhe e Noel Malcolmit, studiues serioz n\u00eb \u00abAll Souls College\u00bb n\u00eb Oxford, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb histori me shum\u00eb tipare \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebj\u00eb lexuesin t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se sa pak kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte konflikti nd\u00ebrmjet Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb dhe Sulltanatit osman me ideologjin\u00eb fetare dhe se sa lidhej me luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtet. Ai ka zgjedhur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-histori"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4564"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4568,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564\/revisions\/4568"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}