{"id":41749,"date":"2026-08-31T20:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T18:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=41749"},"modified":"2026-08-31T20:58:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T18:58:31","slug":"identiteti-kombetar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=41749","title":{"rendered":"IDENTITETI KOMB\u00cbTAR"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Akad. Nik\u00eb GASHAJ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e kombit dhe e identiteti komb\u00ebtar z\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb rend\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb shum\u00eb disiplina shkencore: politologji, sociologji, histori, antropologji. \u00cbsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsohet dhe t\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim i kombit, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb identitetit komb\u00ebtar, i cili do t\u00eb ishte i vlefsh\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrethanat dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb komb duhet analizuar gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb shoq\u00ebror: kulturor, arsimor, gjuh\u00ebsor, politik, ekonomik dhe historik. N\u00eb teorin\u00eb politike ka k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime dhe qasje t\u00eb ndryshme kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr kombin dhe identitetin komb\u00ebtar. N\u00eb parim dallohen dy lloje ndarjesh:  kombet etnike dhe kombet civile(qytetare). Megjithate, ekzistojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrqasje dhe p\u00ebrkufizime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb identitetit komb\u00ebtar, si: esencialist, konstrusionist, spiritualist, primordialist, situacionist, instrumentalist etj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shembull i kombit civil \u00ebsht\u00eb Amerika. Nd\u00ebrsa, kombet etnike jan\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Lindore dhe n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor. Disa njohje shkencore tregojn\u00eb se kombet civile(qytetare) nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre specifik kulturor dhe historik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si rregull, nj\u00eb komb etnik duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb origjin\u00eb, histori, gjuh\u00eb dhe kultur\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebbashk\u00ebt. Por, n\u00eb realitet, ka raste kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb flasin t\u00eb nj\u00ebt\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb nuk formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb komb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, por disa kombe kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebt\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb. Disa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin lingvistik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb s\u00eb paku 60 p\u00ebr qind nga nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr apo gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kombet nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Kombi i par\u00eb Evropian, Franca, u krijua n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb, dhe vet\u00ebm pas k\u00ebsaj filloi procesi i krijimit t\u00eb kombeve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull kombi gjerman u formua n\u00eb mesin e shekullit 19-t\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk kishte kombe sllave t\u00eb jugut: \u201cpopullsia, kryesisht ishte fshatare dhe identifikohej me komunitetin e fshatit, me pronarin e tok\u00ebs, me fen\u00eb, ndoshta me perandorin, por jo me ndonj\u00eb komb\u201d( Mappes \u2013 Niediek 2005: 125).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb shembullit t\u00eb komb\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, filloi krijimi i kombeve edhe te Sllav\u00ebt e jugut.\u201dN\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Juglindore, nd\u00ebrtimi i kombit u zhvillua me fillime dhe mbarime t\u00eb ndryshme gjat\u00eb shekujve 19 dhe 20\u201d ( Hosch\/Nehring\/Sundhaussen 2004: 391). Respektivisht, \u201cprocesi i krijimit t\u00eb kombeve filloi n\u00eb periudha t\u00eb ndryshme kohore gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb dhe vazhdoi thell\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin e 20-t\u00eb\u201d( Sundhaussen).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb drit\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, pretendimi p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn ikonike t\u00eb kombit ekspozohet si mit. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, miti q\u00eb vazhdon n\u00eb vendet sllave t\u00eb jugut njihet si qasja primordiale ndaj kombit( Snezhana Kordiq).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ideja baz\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se kombi n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ka ekzistuar prej koh\u00ebsh t\u00eb lashta dhe se historia e tij mund t\u00eb gjurmohet m\u00eb shekuj. Mir\u00ebpo, problemi me k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo qendron  n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me faktet historike( Breuilly 1999: 241).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karakteristikat etnokulturore- deklaratat e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare ose etnike, gjuha amtare, feja jan\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshe, shum\u00ebgjuh\u00ebshe dhe shum\u00ebfetare, dhe i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Mali i Zi. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr karakteristikat etnike dhe etnokulturore t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb  s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb kontekstin e integrimit evropian dhe politik\u00ebs s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tek ne d\u00ebgjohet shpesh teza se kombi ashtu si feja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bindshm\u00ebri, pra di\u00e7ka, q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb ta p\u00ebrkujdesin dhe kultivojn\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre private, por q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb detyr\u00eb e p\u00ebrkujdesit s\u00eb shtetit, sepse shteti p\u00ebr at\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb\u201dneutral\u201d. Ithtar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb till\u00eb e trajtojn\u00eb kombin  n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si religjionin, dhe mendojn\u00eb se qytetar\u00ebt mund ta ndryshojn\u00eb at\u00eb sipas kuptimit dhe d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre nga regjistrimi n\u00eb regjistrim t\u00eb popull\u00ebsis\u00eb. Sigurisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb specifika e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb malazeze n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e identitetit, por \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje dhe problem i iluminizmit n\u00eb at\u00eb l\u00ebmi. Gjegj\u00ebsisht, ka pushtetar\u00eb dhe zyrtar\u00eb shtet\u00ebror q\u00eb thon\u00eb se qytetar\u00ebve sipas legjislacionit shtet\u00ebror nuk u duhet t\u00eb deklarohen p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin komb\u00ebtare. Si argument ata  e marrin dispozit\u00ebn e nenit 46, paragrafi 2 t\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi, i cili p\u00ebcakton: \u201cAskush nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i detyruar t\u00eb deklaroj\u00eb p\u00ebr bindjet e tij fetare dhe t\u00eb tjera\u201d. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ata me \u201cbindjet e tjera\u201d n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb  p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Mir\u00ebpo, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb keqinterpretim i kushtetut\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00eb pari, Kushtetuta nuk parashikon n\u00eb anj\u00eb dispozit\u00eb q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt nuk duhet t\u00eb deklarojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre komb\u00ebtare. Mendoj se termi komb nuk ishte i panjohur p\u00ebr ligj\u00ebv\u00ebnsin, n\u00ebse ai donte ta p\u00ebrcaktonte dhe specifikonte at\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00eb dyti, kombi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb bindje, por p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi, fakticitet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb e kan\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar identitetin e tyre komb\u00ebtar dhe vet\u00ebdijen komb\u00ebtare, sepse kombi n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kategori konstante, nd\u00ebrsa bindjet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb politike dhe filozofike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shkenc\u00ebtari i njohur Horace Kallner thekson: \u201cNjer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb veshjet, politik\u00ebn, grat\u00eb, fen\u00eb, filozofin\u00eb, por gjysh\u00ebrit nuk mund t\u2019i ndryshojn\u00eb\u201d… Mendoj se k\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb dhe se nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr komente t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Akad. Nik\u00eb GASHAJ \u00c7\u00ebshtja e kombit dhe e identiteti komb\u00ebtar z\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb rend\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb shum\u00eb disiplina shkencore: politologji, sociologji, histori, antropologji. \u00cbsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsohet dhe t\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim i kombit, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb identitetit komb\u00ebtar, i cili do t\u00eb ishte i vlefsh\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrethanat dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb… Nj\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"%%post_title%% %%sep%% %%sitetitle%%","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41750,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41749\/revisions\/41750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}