{"id":41184,"date":"2026-03-29T08:57:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T06:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=41184"},"modified":"2026-03-29T08:57:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T06:57:29","slug":"migrimet-dhe-shkatrrimi-demografik-i-bihorit-1912-1990","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=41184","title":{"rendered":"Migrimet dhe shkatrrimi demografik i Bihorit (1912\u20131990)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Figura 1. Sallko Shkrijeli – heroi i Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Godush\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai pengoi dep\u00ebrtimin \u00e7etnik drejt Rozhaj\u00ebs dhe Peshterit<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ismet Azizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proceset demografike n\u00eb rajonin e Bihorit gjat\u00eb shekullit XX nuk mund t\u00eb kuptohen jasht\u00eb kontekstit t\u00eb transformimeve politike dhe ideologjike q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb Ballkanin pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, migrimet nuk paraqiten si dukuri spontane, por si rezultat i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb i politikave shtet\u00ebrore, dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb organizuar dhe presionit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm mbi popullsin\u00eb myslimane dhe shqiptare.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr, studimi i historianit boshnjak Izet Shabotiq mbi  Bihorin e ep\u00ebrm p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb nga analizat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar procesin e asaj q\u00eb ai e quan \u201cshktarrim demografik\u201d i k\u00ebsaj zone, nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb fillon me Luft\u00ebrat Ballkanike (1912\u20131913) dhe vazhdon n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luft\u00ebrat Ballkanike dhe fillimi i shp\u00ebrnguljeve (1912\u20131914)<\/strong>
Pushtimi i Bihorit dhe i Sanxhakut nga ushtrit\u00eb serbe dhe malazeze n\u00eb vitet 1912\u20131913 sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb historike. Ky moment p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson jo vet\u00ebm ndryshim administrativ, por fillimin e nj\u00eb politike sistematike t\u00eb transformimit etnik.
Sipas Shabotiqit, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas pushtimit: u ushtrua dhun\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ndaj popullsis\u00eb myslimane, u konfiskua prona, u vendos kolonizimi me popullsi sllave.
K\u00ebto masa krijuan klim\u00ebn e frik\u00ebs q\u00eb prodhoi val\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb muhaxhirll\u00ebkut. Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb Tivarit, deri n\u00eb vitin 1914, u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn mbi 12.000 mysliman\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa edhe nga vet\u00eb Bihori i ep\u00ebrm dhjet\u00ebra familje u detyruan t\u00eb largohen.
Ky zhvillim p\u00ebrputhet me d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e v\u00ebzhguesve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, si Lav Trocki, i cili raportonte p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin sistematik t\u00eb fshatrave myslimane gjat\u00eb avancimit t\u00eb ushtrive ballkanike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politikat e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb SKS dhe institucionalizimi i shp\u00ebrnguljes<\/strong>
N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn nd\u00ebrmjet dy luft\u00ebrave bot\u00ebrore, presioni mbi popullsin\u00eb myslimane mori karakter institucional. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb SKS (m\u00eb pas Jugosllavis\u00eb), mysliman\u00ebt trajtoheshin si element i pad\u00ebshiruar dhe si penges\u00eb p\u00ebr homogjenizimin etnik t\u00eb shtetit.
Shabotiq thekson se propaganda p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrngulje drejt Turqis\u00eb ishte e organizuar dhe e vazhdueshme, nd\u00ebrsa marr\u00ebveshjet shtet\u00ebrore me Turqin\u00eb krijuan baz\u00eb ligjore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb proces.
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb tij: nga Ballkani u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn midis 348.000 dhe 475.000 mysliman\u00eb.
Ky proces p\u00ebrputhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me projektet ideologjike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, t\u00eb artikuluara m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb nga Vasa \u010cubrilovi\u0107, i cili propozonte shp\u00ebrnguljen sistematike t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe mysliman\u00ebve si zgjidhje p\u00ebr \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtjen komb\u00ebtare\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhuna e pasluft\u00ebs dhe radikalizimi i migrimeve (1919\u20131924)<\/strong>
Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhuna ndaj popullsis\u00eb myslimane jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk u ndal, por u intensifikua.
N\u00eb vitin 1919, sipas burimeve t\u00eb cituara nga Shabotiq: u vran\u00eb mbi 1.300 mysliman\u00eb, u shkat\u00ebrruan 194 fshatra.
Kulmi i k\u00ebsaj dhune u arrit me masakr\u00ebn e vitit 1924 n\u00eb Shahoviq dhe Pavin\u00eb Pole, ku u vran\u00eb mbi 500 civil\u00eb mysliman\u00eb.
K\u00ebto ngjarje: krijuan trauma kolektive, nxit\u00ebn vet\u00ebmbrojtjen lokale (komit\u00eb), p\u00ebrshpejtuan procesin e shp\u00ebrnguljes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi ekzistencial<\/strong>
Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, popullsia myslimane e Bihorit u p\u00ebrball me rrezik ekzistencial nga formacionet \u00e7etnike, t\u00eb cilat kishin p\u00ebr objektiv krijimin e nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire etnikisht t\u00eb past\u00ebr.
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, formimi i Milicis\u00eb Myslimane n\u00eb vitin 1941, n\u00ebn drejtimin e Osman ef. Rastoderit, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb organizuar mbrojt\u00ebs.
Shabotiq thekson se sulmet \u00e7etnike ishin t\u00eb vazhdueshme dhe t\u00eb orientuara drejt spastrimit etnik t\u00eb zon\u00ebs.
Kjo analiz\u00eb p\u00ebrforcon tez\u00ebn se: strukturat lokale t\u00eb mbrojtjes nuk ishin thjesht formacione kolaboracioniste, por p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Periudha socialiste dhe vazhdim\u00ebsia e presionit<\/strong>
Pas vitit 1945, regjimi komunist vendosi kontroll t\u00eb fort\u00eb politik dhe ideologjik mbi popullsin\u00eb.
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb: u eliminuan figura lokale me ndikim, u kufizua jeta fetare, u ushtrua presion p\u00ebr integrim ideologjik.
Megjith\u00ebse dhuna e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb u reduktua, presioni strukturor vazhdoi t\u00eb prodhonte migrime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marr\u00ebveshja jugosllavo-turke (1953) dhe eksodi masiv<\/strong>
Nj\u00eb moment ky\u00e7 n\u00eb destruktimin demografik t\u00eb Bihorit ishte marr\u00ebveshja e vitit 1953 nd\u00ebrmjet Jugosllavis\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb.
Sipas Shabotiqit: n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1953\u20131961 u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn 291.298 persona drejt Turqis\u00eb .
Ky proces: u mb\u00ebshtet nga aparati shtet\u00ebror, shpesh k\u00ebrkonte deklarim si \u201cturk\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar emigrimin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Migrimet moderne dhe diaspora<\/strong>
Pas viteve 1970, migrimet vazhduan, por me drejtime t\u00eb reja: drejt Bosnj\u00ebs, Kosov\u00ebs dhe Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, drejt diaspor\u00ebs ekonomike.
Si pasoj\u00eb, u krijua nj\u00eb diaspor\u00eb e gjer\u00eb bihorase, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb rajoni p\u00ebsoi zbrazje t\u00eb vazhdueshme.
Destruktimi demografik si proces afatgjat\u00eb
Nj\u00eb nga kontributet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb \u0160aboti\u0107it \u00ebsht\u00eb analiza statistikore e stagnimit demografik.
Ai tregon se: n\u00eb vitin 1931 Bihori kishte rreth 5.000 banor\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 2003 vet\u00ebm 5.702 banor\u00eb.
Ky stagnim p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se shtat\u00eb dekada: p\u00ebrb\u00ebn devijim drastik nga zhvillimi natyror, d\u00ebshmon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm t\u00eb dob\u00ebsimit demografik.
Sipas tij, sot rreth dy t\u00eb tretat e popullsis\u00eb me origjin\u00eb nga Bihori jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij rajoni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analiza e migrimeve n\u00eb Bihor<\/strong>, e mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb studimin e Izet Shabotiqit, d\u00ebshmon se kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb strukturuar t\u00eb transformimit demografik.
Nga dhuna e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e viteve 1912\u20131913, te politikat shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb Jugosllave, terrori nd\u00ebrmjet dy luft\u00ebrave, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi ekzistencial gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore dhe marr\u00ebveshjet e pasluft\u00ebs p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrngulje, krijohet nj\u00eb vij\u00eb e qart\u00eb historike:
Migrimet nuk ishin zgjedhje \u2013 ato ishin pasoj\u00eb e presionit sistematik.
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, rasti i Bihorit mund t\u00eb trajtohet si nj\u00eb model i \u201cshkatrrim demografik t\u00eb q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm<\/em>\u201d, q\u00eb lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me projektet politike p\u00ebr transformimin etnik t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb Sanxhakut dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Figura 1. Sallko Shkrijeli – heroi i Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Godush\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai pengoi dep\u00ebrtimin \u00e7etnik drejt Rozhaj\u00ebs dhe Peshterit Ismet Azizi Proceset demografike n\u00eb rajonin e Bihorit gjat\u00eb shekullit XX nuk mund t\u00eb kuptohen jasht\u00eb kontekstit t\u00eb transformimeve politike dhe ideologjike q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb Ballkanin pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, migrimet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41187,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"%%post_title%% %%sep%% %%sitetitle%%","_seopress_titles_desc":"%%post_excerpt%%","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-histori"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41184"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41188,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41184\/revisions\/41188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/41187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}