{"id":28801,"date":"2021-04-15T09:55:59","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T07:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=28801"},"modified":"2021-04-15T09:55:59","modified_gmt":"2021-04-15T07:55:59","slug":"shteti-qytetar-apo-nacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=28801","title":{"rendered":"SHTETI QYTETAR, APO NACIONAL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb shtetet bashk\u00ebkohore, qytetaria \u00ebsht\u00eb forc\u00eb kryesore e unitetit, por dhe komb\u00ebsia  \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet multietnike, mandje edhe n\u00eb demokracit\u00eb e zhvilluara. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr lidhjen e ngusht\u00eb midis struktur\u00ebs qytetare dhe t\u00eb asaj komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prandaj, n\u00ebse ka orvajtje p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr elementin etnokulturor nga koncepti i shtetit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar  shtetin e past\u00ebr qytetar(civil), ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb iluzion. Meqen\u00ebse, me shlyerjen e ndonj\u00eb fenomeni nga fusha e teoris\u00eb, normave juridike dhe nga politika, nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ai nuk egziston ose \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur nga realiteti dhe jeta. Sepse,   trash\u00ebgimtari i identikimit t\u00eb kombit dhe shtetit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti kombi shumic\u00eb, i cili mund t\u00eb synoj drejt unitarizmit komb\u00ebtar me nj\u00eb parashenj\u00eb qytetare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Franc\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, zyrtarisht nuk egziston dallim midis \u201cshumic\u00ebs\u201d dhe \u201cpakic\u00ebs\u201d, por me \u00e7far\u00eb kostoje? Minioritetet jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara ndaj nj\u00eb procesi \u201cdemokratik\u201d t\u00eb asimilimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb  komb shumic\u00eb, i cili, p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar at\u00eb humbje \u201cbujarisht\u201d heq dor\u00eb nga identiteti i tij n\u00eb favor t\u00eb nj\u00eb identiteti t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt qytetar-civil. Qendrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt jan\u00eb shtetas t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, prandaj nuk ka nevoj\u00eb  p\u00ebr kodifikim  t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr pakica komb\u00ebtare. Mir\u00ebpo, duke pasur parasysh pranin\u00eb multimilion\u00ebshe t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb afrikane n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, v\u00ebrtet kujdesi p\u00ebr \u201cpast\u00ebrtin\u00eb\u201d e shtetit civil nga parimi komb\u00ebtar, nuk paraqet  progres demokratik t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, realiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb i till\u00eb, se nj\u00eb francez do t\u00eb thot\u00eb p\u00ebr veten e tij se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qytetar i shtetit francez, por si francez, n\u00eb kuptimin komb\u00ebtar. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, nj\u00eb algjerian q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb Franc\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb p\u00ebr veten e tij se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtetas francez, por si  algjerian, dhe jo si francez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Megjith\u00ebse, Franca nuk e njeh zyrtarisht kategorin\u00eb e pakicave komb\u00ebtare, dihet p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht se ajo ka probleme etnike n\u00eb territorin e saj, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ilustrim m\u00eb s\u00eb miri rasti i Korsik\u00ebs. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemi juridik francez \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim, respektivisht \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e territorit dhe e popull\u00ebsis\u00eb e cila atje jeton t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb trajtim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb tyre historike dhe gjeografike, gjuh\u00ebsore dhe kulturore. Andaj, n\u00eb  vitin 1991, zyrtarisht u krijua statusi special p\u00ebr Korsik\u00ebn (\u201ckolektivi territorial i Korsik\u00ebs\u201d). Rendi ligjor francez k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb vendoste nj\u00eb lloj ekuilibri, dmth. t\u00eb mos shkel\u00eb parimin e barazis\u00eb, por gjithashtu t\u00eb njoh\u00eb diversitetin duke ia mund\u00ebsuar Korsik\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase n\u00eb territorin e saj. Barazimi i shtetit dhe kombit n\u00eb disa shoq\u00ebri lindore dhe jugolindore mori nj\u00eb drejtim kah dominimi i kombit shumic\u00eb. Parimi qytetar( civil) \u00ebsht\u00eb  keqp\u00ebrdorur, ashtu q\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat civile dhe politike jan\u00eb kryesisht \u201cdekorim\u201d i sistemit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokracia liberale \u00ebsht\u00eb larg nga ajo q\u00eb shteti nacional, \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbrapsur n\u00eb histori. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebrtet q\u00eb shteti qytetar(civil) \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur vet\u00ebm si shtet postnacional, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00eb sipas k\u00ebtij kriteri nuk do t\u00eb kishte shtete qytetare(civile) ! Sepse me pak p\u00ebrjashtime, t\u00eb gjitha shtetet moderne jan\u00eb komb\u00ebtarisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne, nuk ka vet\u00ebm shtete nacionale apo vet\u00ebm shtete qytetare(civile). N\u00eb esenc\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha ato jan\u00eb shtete nacionale n\u00eb kuptimin politik, por jo dhe n\u00eb puptimin etnik, ndon\u00ebse  n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile. Prandaj, nuk ka as nj\u00eb dilem\u00eb-shtet qytetar(civil) apo shtet nacional. Dilema e v\u00ebrtet mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, vet\u00ebm \u2013 shtet demokratik ose jodemokratik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E ardhmja dhe demokracia e qendrueshme e nj\u00eb shteti shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebsh reflektohet n\u00eb faktin se elementet konstitucionale shtet\u00ebrore jan\u00eb t\u00eb  ndara n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb etnonacionale n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kombi shumic\u00eb ose kombi numerikisht m\u00eb i madh nuk g\u00ebzon ndonj\u00eb status t\u00eb privilegjuar, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 ndoshta q\u00eb shteti mban emrin e tij. Por n\u00eb at\u00eb situat\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb shumica etnike mund t\u00eb anoj kah disa privilegje, \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme mbrojtja ligjore e t\u00eb drejtave individuale dhe kolektive t\u00eb pakicave etnonacionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, zgjidhjet, ve\u00e7anarisht n\u00eb rajonin ton\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen as n\u00eb parimin e liberalizmit klasik \u201cnj\u00eb shet-nj\u00eb komb\u201d ose n\u00eb utopin e modeleve postnacionale t\u00eb bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb si do t\u00eb thoshte Dominik Shnaper<\/strong>, nj\u00eb far\u00eb lloji t\u00eb \u201cutopis\u00eb kreative\u201d. Andaj,  mud t\u00eb konstatohet, se \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr realitetit, koncepti i shtetit demokratik i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi e qytetar\u00ebve dhe bashk\u00ebsi kolektive komb\u00ebtare, si nj\u00eb form\u00eb e ekulibrit historik t\u00eb  parimit qytetar dhe komb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shoq\u00ebria mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb liberale dhe e drejt\u00eb, n\u00ebse e respekton diversitetin. Prova e v\u00ebrtet e demokracis\u00eb nuk q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm n\u00eb lidhje me individin, por edhe me pakicat komb\u00ebtare. Prandaj, n\u00eb shtetet shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshe egziston gjith\u00ebmon nj\u00eb problem aktual n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis shumic\u00ebs dhe pakic\u00ebs. Toville, <\/strong>ka theksuar se parimi i shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb demokracis\u00eb shkel\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e pakivave komb\u00ebtare dhe zakonisht shpien drejt \u201ctiranis\u00eb s\u00eb shumic\u00ebs\u201d. Karl Poper<\/strong>,duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Lasht\u00eb dhe n\u00eb disa p\u00ebrvoja t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit, konstaton se parimi i demokracis\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, se shumica \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Shumica mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj gabime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Nuk duhet harruar q\u00eb ardhja e Hitlerit<\/strong> n\u00eb pushtet ishte legjitime dhe se autorizimet e tija diktatoriale i fitoj nga shumica parlamentare. N\u00eb Austri, mbi 90 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb votues\u00ebve i dhan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e tyre Hitlerit n\u00eb momentin vendimtar. Prandaj, p\u00ebrfundon Poper, parimi i legjimitetit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim,  pyetja kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb se si t\u00eb zbatohet demokracia dhe t\u00eb shmanget majorizimi i shumic\u00ebs mbi pakic\u00ebn, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshe? Sepse, n\u00ebse parimi i vendimmarrjes s\u00eb shumic\u00ebs zbatohet, pa asnj\u00eb kufizim, n\u00eb mjedise multinacionale, ai mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb pasoja jodemokratike. Gjegj\u00ebsisht, ai mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej si nj\u00eb mjet i kombit shumic\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb imponuar interesat e tij t\u00eb ngushta komb\u00ebtare si interesa t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb shtetit. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis heterogjen, parimi i shumic\u00ebs, nga mjeti i qeverisjes demokratike mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument t\u00eb sundimit reaksionar, hegjemonik dhe t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj N\u00eb shtetet bashk\u00ebkohore, qytetaria \u00ebsht\u00eb forc\u00eb kryesore e unitetit, por dhe komb\u00ebsia  \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet multietnike, mandje edhe n\u00eb demokracit\u00eb e zhvilluara. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr lidhjen e ngusht\u00eb midis struktur\u00ebs qytetare dhe t\u00eb asaj komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Prandaj, n\u00ebse ka orvajtje p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr elementin etnokulturor nga koncepti […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14722,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[1180],"class_list":["post-28801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-nik-gashaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28801"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28802,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28801\/revisions\/28802"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}