{"id":27733,"date":"2020-12-18T12:56:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T11:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=27733"},"modified":"2020-12-18T12:57:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-18T11:57:04","slug":"osmani-epidemite-dhe-pandemite-pergjate-historise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=27733","title":{"rendered":"Osmani: EPIDEMIT\u00cb DHE PANDEMIT\u00cb P\u00cbRGJAT\u00cb HISTORIS\u00cb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Ilustrim<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nga Qani\u00a0 Osmani<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet ngjit\u00ebse kan\u00eb shkaktuar vdekjen e miliona njer\u00ebzve dhe kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs dhe identitetit njer\u00ebzor. N\u00ebn ndikimin e k\u00ebtyre rrethanave apokaliptike jan\u00eb ngritur e shembur me leht\u00ebsi mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb, p\u00ebrhapeshin me leht\u00ebsi religjionet, nisnin ose pushonin luft\u00ebrat e p\u00ebrgjakshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cIliada\u201d<\/strong> Homeri shkroi p\u00ebr murtaj\u00ebn q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjismoi ushtrin\u00eb greke gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs n\u00eb sh. XII para er\u00ebs s\u00eb re. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike mendohej se epidemit\u00eb i shkaktojn\u00eb perendit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i d\u00ebnuar njer\u00ebzit. P\u00ebrndryshe, n\u00eb librat e vjet\u00ebr jan\u00eb p\u00ebrplot t\u00eb dh\u00ebna lidhur me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e trajtimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb infektuar nga \u201clebra\u201d,<\/strong> lidhur me k\u00ebshillat p\u00ebr izolimin e tyre dhe kontrollin e p\u00ebrjavsh\u00ebm nga ana e prift\u00ebrinj\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos mar\u00eb hov s\u00ebmundja. Edhe mjeku grek Hipokriti, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkufizoi i pari epidemin, fliste p\u00ebr domosdoshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e izolimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb infektuar..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Murtaja e Peloponezit<\/strong> – Pandemija m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr u paraqit gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Peloponezit n\u00eb sh. V para er\u00ebs s\u00eb re. S\u00ebmundja u p\u00ebrhap nga Libia, Etiopia dhe Egjipti n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet mureve t\u00eb Athin\u00ebs s\u00eb rrethuar nga spartan\u00ebt. Sipas sh\u00ebnimeve historike, kjo murtaj\u00eb mori jet\u00ebn e dy t\u00eb tretave t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ka shkruar dhe historiani i famsh\u00ebm Tukididi, sipas t\u00eb cilit kjo pandemi mori dhe emrin \u201cMurtaja e Tukididit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Murtaja e Antoninit, viti 165: <\/strong>Mendohet se fruthi u paraqit s\u00eb pari tek Hun\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i infektuan fiset gjermane, kurse k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit e bart\u00ebn s\u00ebmundjen mes ushtar\u00ebve romak\u00eb, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn m\u00eb pas n\u00eb gjith\u00eb mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb. Epidemia n\u00eb fjal\u00eb zgjati 15 vjet. Sipas historian\u00ebve, n\u00eb Rom\u00eb vdisnin nga 2.000 njer\u00ebz n\u00eb dit\u00eb, kurse nimri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i t\u00eb vdekurve qe mbi 5 milion\u00eb. N\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb vdekurve ishin edhe mbret\u00ebrit Lucije Veri dhe Mark Aureli i dinastis\u00eb Antonina, sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs dhe u pag\u00ebzua s\u00ebmundja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Murtaja e Justinianit, viti 541:<\/strong> \u201cMurtaja e Justenianit\u201d p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Egjipt, duke u p\u00ebrhapur pastaj n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb dhe Mediteran. S\u00ebmundjen e bartnin mijt\u00eb dhe pleshtat e tyre. Kjo murtaj\u00eb u rikthye disa her\u00eb gjat\u00eb dy shekujve n\u00eb vijim. Gjithnj\u00eb sipas tyre (studiuesve t\u00eb koh\u00ebs) vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb (Stambollin e sot\u00ebm) vdisnin nga 5-10 mij\u00eb njer\u00ebz, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, p\u00ebr tre vjet u zhduk nj\u00eb e treta e popullat\u00ebs. Kishte aq viktima sa nuk mund t\u00eb varroseshin, ndaj i palosnin n\u00ebp\u00ebr obore kishash e kullash, sepse krishterimi nuk e lejonte djegien e kufomave. Sipas historianit bizantin Prokopius, epidemia \u201c pothuajse e zhduku njer\u00ebzimin\u201d. Kronikan\u00ebt thon\u00eb se \u201cMurtaja e Justinianit\u201d e leht\u00ebsoi p\u00ebrhapjen e Krishterimit, po ka dhe autor\u00eb q\u00eb pohojn\u00eb se murtaja ndihmoi ngritjen e Islamit…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vdekja e zez\u00eb, viti 1347: <\/strong>Mendohet se vatra e par\u00eb e saj u paraqit n\u00eb Azi, kurse n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb e soll\u00ebn pushtuesit tatar\u00eb. Murtaj\u00ebn e ndihmoi jeta nomade po dhe l\u00ebvizjet kryqtare, q\u00eb ktheheshin nga Jeruzalemi. Historian\u00ebt thon\u00eb se Vdekja e zez\u00eb mori jet\u00ebn e 60 % t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs evropiane dhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs s\u00eb at\u00ebhershme bot\u00ebrore. Skenat e tmershme t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes n\u00eb fjal\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkroi Xhovani Boka\u00e7o n\u00eb \u201cDekameronin\u201d e tij t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm…Sipas \u201cNational Geographik\u201d kjo pandemi e frikshme jeton n\u00eb mbi 200 lloj brejt\u00ebsish t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb gjith\u00eb planetin dhe mund t\u00eb paraqitet edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fruthi dhe murtaja e brumbujve, viti 1492: <\/strong>Ekspozitat e spanjoll\u00ebve n\u00eb Karaibe bart\u00ebn te popullata autoktone s\u00ebmundje gjer at\u00ebher t\u00eb panjohura, si fruthi dhe murtaja e brumbujve. Kjo zhduku 90 % t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs vendase. Sipas kronik\u00ebve, n\u00eb vitin 1492 Kristofor Kolombo e gjeti  ishullin Hispaniola me 60.000 banor\u00eb t\u00eb popullit Taino, num\u00ebr ky i cili n\u00eb vitin 1548 mezi arrinte n\u00eb 500 frym\u00eb. Ky skenar ndodhi n\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin amerikan, t\u00eb populluar me afro 60 milion banor\u00eb vend\u00ebs, 56 milion prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve vdiq\u00ebn brenda 2-3 dekadave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitin 1665, murtaja e brumbujve vrau 20 % t\u00eb banor\u00ebve t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs (af\u00ebr 100.000 njer\u00ebz). Meq\u00eb mendohej se e p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn macet dhe qent, u ther\u00ebn me mij\u00ebra prej tyre me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb ndaljes s\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemia e par\u00eb e koler\u00ebs, viti 1817: <\/strong>E para nga 7 pandemit\u00eb e koler\u00ebs n\u00eb 150 e ardhshme u paraqit n\u00eb Rusi, ku vdiq\u00ebn nj\u00eb milion njer\u00ebz. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ujit t\u00eb infektuar nga jasht\u00ebqitjet dhe ushqimi, s\u00ebmundja u p\u00ebrhap mes ushtar\u00ebve britanik, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas e d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb Indi, ku gjithashtu vdiq\u00ebn mbi nj\u00eb milion njer\u00ebz. Mbret\u00ebria e madhe britaneze e p\u00ebrhapi koler\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, Afrik\u00eb, Indonezi, Kin\u00eb, Japoni, Itali, Gjermani dhe Amerik\u00eb, ku gjithashtu pati shum\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur. Vaksina kund\u00ebr koler\u00ebs u zbulua n\u00eb vitin 1885, por pandemia u paraqit edhe shum\u00eb her\u00eb t\u00eb tjera…Pandemia e tret\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj murtaje u paraqitn\u00eb vitin 1855 n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe u bart n\u00eb Indi dhe Hong Kong, ku vdiq\u00ebn 15 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz. S\u00ebmundja qe aktive gjer n\u00eb vitin 1960…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethet spanjolle, viti 1918: <\/strong>Nga kjo epidemi u infektua nj\u00eb e treta e popullat\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore, kurse numri i t\u00eb vdekurve ishte mbi 50 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz, p\u00ebr shum\u00ebk\u00eb edhe mbi 100 milion\u00eb. Mendohet se virusi H1N1 t\u00eb cilin e bartin shpez\u00ebt, s\u00eb pari u paraqit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, pastaj n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve kinez\u00eb n\u00eb Kanada dhe Evrop\u00eb. Nga k\u00ebto ethe njer\u00ebzit s\u00ebmureshin n\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje dhe vdisnin n\u00eb m\u00ebngjes, duke shkuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Ethet spanjolle shkat\u00ebrronin me shpejt\u00ebsi marramendese mushk\u00ebrit e t\u00eb infektuarve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIV-AIDS, viti 1981: <\/strong>AIDS-i \u00ebsht\u00eb vdekjeprur\u00ebs, sepse shkat\u00ebrron sistemin imunitar t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. S\u00ebmundja u paraqit n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsit homoseksuale amerikane, por mendohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga nj\u00eb virus n\u00eb trupin e shimpanz\u00ebs n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Perendimore q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1920. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta njoh\u00ebsit e k\u00ebtij virusi q\u00eb pohojn\u00eb se n\u00eb vitin 1960 u paraqit n\u00eb Haiti, kurse n\u00eb vitin 1970 n\u00eb Nju Jork dhe San Francisko. Gjer me sot AIDS-i ka mar\u00eb 35 milion jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SARS-i, viti 2002: <\/strong>U paraqit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb si s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb sulmon mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb. M\u00eb 2017 u zbulua se burimi i k\u00ebtij virusi t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm jan\u00eb kolonit\u00eb e lakuriq\u00ebve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs t\u00eb krahin\u00ebs Junan. Meq\u00eb Kina kurseu fillimisht informacionet rreth virusit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, pjesa tjet\u00ebr e bot\u00ebs nisi t\u00eb dyshoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shtet…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gripi i shpez\u00ebve, viti 2003: <\/strong>Virusi i gripit t\u00eb shpez\u00ebve H5N1 u paraqit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1996,. Nga viti 2003 ai u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb Koren\u00eb e Jugut, n\u00eb Tajland fhe n\u00eb Vietnam, fillimisht te shpez\u00ebt pastaj te njer\u00ebzit. P\u00ebr ta nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e virusit u eliminuan miliona shpez\u00eb. Nga H5N1 kan\u00eb vdekur gati 300 mij\u00eb njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gripi i derrave, viti 2009:<\/strong>H1N1 \u00ebsht\u00eb tip i ri virusi, i panjohur paraprakisht te kafsh\u00ebt dhe njer\u00ebzit. U paraqit pas mutacionit t\u00eb virusit t\u00eb shpez\u00ebve, fillimisht n\u00eb SHBA, pasta n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb. Ky lloj gripi mori af\u00ebr 600 mij jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzish, ose 1 % t\u00eb t\u00eb infektuarve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MERS-Cov, viti 2012:<\/strong> P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb u identifikua n\u00eb Arabin\u00eb Saudite. Nj\u00ebsoj si SARS-i edhe ky virus sulmon mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb, por edhe veshk\u00ebt dhe organet tjera. N\u00eb dallim prej virusave tjera, MERS-Cov nuk u p\u00ebrhap p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb Arabis\u00eb Saudite, ku infektoi 2.5 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz dhe vrau af\u00ebr mij\u00eb prej tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhe i fundit n\u00eb list\u00ebn e viruseve t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb COVID-19 (koronavirusi), <\/strong>q\u00eb tash e nj\u00eb vit t\u00eb plot\u00eb e ka gjunj\u00ebzuar bot\u00ebn. Ku p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, aktualisht numri i t\u00eb infektuarve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se kapacitetet e spitaleve n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb, kurse numri i t\u00eb vdekurve n\u00eb 1.000 banor\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb lartit. N\u00eb k\u00ebso rrethanash, lindin e p\u00ebrhapen vetvetish\u00ebm parashikimet e zymta p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e jet\u00ebs, e cila, me gjasa, nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb kurr\u00eb ashtu si ishte para k\u00ebsaj pandemie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, vend p\u00ebr panik nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb, sepse kjo vet\u00ebm mund ta p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb gjendjen edhe ashtu t\u00eb r\u00ebnd. E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb na ka mbetur \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndjekim rekomandimet e mjek\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi heronj\u00eb kok\u00ebbosh, prapa trim\u00ebris\u00eb verbale t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebve fshihen frikacak\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, q\u00eb s\u2019kan\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb syt\u00eb e bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Qani\u00a0 Osmani P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet ngjit\u00ebse kan\u00eb shkaktuar vdekjen e miliona njer\u00ebzve dhe kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs dhe identitetit njer\u00ebzor. N\u00ebn ndikimin e k\u00ebtyre rrethanave apokaliptike jan\u00eb ngritur e shembur me leht\u00ebsi mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb, p\u00ebrhapeshin me leht\u00ebsi religjionet, nisnin ose pushonin luft\u00ebrat e p\u00ebrgjakshme. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cIliada\u201d Homeri shkroi p\u00ebr murtaj\u00ebn q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjismoi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27733"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27736,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27733\/revisions\/27736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}