{"id":26078,"date":"2020-06-23T09:38:57","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T07:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=26078"},"modified":"2020-06-23T09:38:57","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T07:38:57","slug":"participimi-politik-i-pakicave-kombetare-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=26078","title":{"rendered":"PARTICIPIMI POLITIK I PAKICAVE KOMB\u00cbTARE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Nik\u00eb Gashaj, Politolog<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr problemet qendrore t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit demokratk, sepse prek n\u00eb vet\u00eb themelet e demokracis\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb parimit t\u00eb barazis\u00eb politike, nga e cila rrjedh  dhe e drejta p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.  N\u00ebse pakicat nacionale nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb proporcionale, at\u00ebher\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me nj\u00eb regjim politik t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb privilegjuar p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e njer\u00ebz\u00ebve qeveris apo sundon mbi t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, kurse nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve u \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb e drejta e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demokratike dhe adekuate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Participimi politik i pakicave komb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb objekt i rregullimit dhe n\u00eb Kovent\u00ebn kuader t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit europian p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e pakicave komb\u00ebtare(1995.). N\u00eb nenin 15  t\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar detyrat e shteteve kontraktuese\u201d t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb kushte t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen efikase t\u00eb pjestar\u00ebve t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb jet\u00ebn kulturore, shoq\u00ebrore dhe ekonomike, si dhe n\u00eb pun\u00eb publike, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb u p\u00ebrkasin\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koncepte, modele dhe mekanizma t\u00eb ndikimit dhe t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb pushtetin shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme, sikurse jan\u00eb: zgjedhjet dhe sistemet zgjedhore t\u00eb sigurimit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pakicave, t\u00eb autonomive dhe trupave k\u00ebshillues. Sistemet proporcionale zgjedhore mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lat\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb Parlament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ato mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin parlamentar t\u00eb partive t\u00eb vog\u00ebla dhe t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Europ\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb ndryshme kushtetuese \u2013 politike t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare. Duke u nisur nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi politik vet\u00ebm i disa pakicave autoktone deri te ky\u00e7ja e t\u00eb gjitha pakicave, nga sistemi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb pakicave me nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb elektorale deri te zgjedhja e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pakicave n\u00eb kuader t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm zgjedhor(zgjedhjet proporcionale me lista partiake etj.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb sistemet zgjedhore proporcionale, sigurimi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues\u00ebve t\u00eb pakicave nacionale n\u00eb organet zgjedhore t\u00eb pushtetit m\u00eb s\u00eb lehti arrihet ashtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr parti t\u00eb pakicave dhe p\u00ebr kandidatat e tyre zvog\u00eblohet ose\/krejtsisht heqet pragu zgjedhor. Sigurimi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues\u00ebve t\u00eb pakicave nacionale \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur t\u00eb arrihet dhe me formimin e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb zgjedhore t\u00eb pakic\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e pakic\u00ebs nacionale jan\u00eb s\u00ebpaku shumic\u00eb minimale n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb elektoriatit. Me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb sigurimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb pakicave nacionale zgjedhjet kryhen n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb regjistrimeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb votues\u00ebve nga strukturat e pakicave komb\u00ebtare.  N\u00eb disa sisteme zgjedhore k\u00ebta votues kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vot, duke ua l\u00ebn\u00eb atyre t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcaktimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr kandidatin e pakic\u00ebs apo p\u00ebr kandidatin nga nj\u00ebra nga listat\u00eb tjera partiake. N\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb tjera votuesit nga struktura e pakicave komb\u00ebtare kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr votimin e dyfisht\u00eb, ashtu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb votojn\u00eb, si dhe votuesit tjer\u00eb p\u00ebr kandidat\u00eb nga \u00e7do list\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, si dhe p\u00ebrpos asaj dhe p\u00ebr kandidatin e vet\u00eb t\u00eb pakic\u00ebs nga e ashtuquejtura lista e pakic\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb zgjidhjet e tilla t\u00eb llojllojshme parashtrohet pyetja e pik\u00ebnisjes dhe t\u00eb kriterve p\u00ebr krijimin e modelit t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare. Ajo, gjithsesi n\u00ebnkupton respektimin e standardeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, por dhe orientimin e p\u00ebrcaktimin p\u00ebr ato zgjidhje t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb do t\u00eb shprehin gjendjen, karakteristikat dhe nevojat e mjedisit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb zbatohen. Ardhja deri te k\u00ebto zgjidhje duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demokratike. Marrja demokratike e vendimeve n\u00ebnkupton pushtetin e shumic\u00ebs, por pushtetin e ashtuqujtur t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb kufizuar e cila respekton t\u00eb drejtat e barabarta t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve dhe e cila e ka marr si detyrim nj\u00eb sjellje demokratike gjat\u00eb ushtrimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebve publike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00eb drejtat e p\u00ebrcaktuara t\u00eb pakicave duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb siguruara me sitemin juridik dhe p\u00ebr ato nuk duhet t\u00eb merren vendime sipas parimit t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb majorizmit. Por vendimet p\u00ebr ato duhen t\u00eb merren n\u00eb pajtim me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e pakicave, pra duke zbatuar demokracin\u00eb konsensuale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njohjet nga shkencat bashk\u00ebkohore politike tregojn\u00eb, se n\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin kolektiv n\u00eb organet e pushtetit shtet\u00ebror ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, para s\u00eb gjithash: ajo pakic\u00eb komb\u00ebtare autoktone e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb historikisht dhe sistematikisht e l\u00ebrur pas\u00eb dore n\u00eb zhvillimin dhe afirmimin e  n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje materiale dhe shoq\u00ebrore; e cila dallohet prej shumic\u00ebs dominuese t\u00eb popull\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb shtetit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkah prejardhja e etnicitetit, gjuh\u00ebs dhe alfabetit, historis\u00eb, kultur\u00ebs etj. sikurse \u00ebsht\u00eb nacionaliteti shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi. Meqen\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb pas mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb shkollimit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn amtare deri m\u00eb 1945., \u00e7ka nuk ka qen\u00eb e rastit me nacionalitete t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi. Pa dyshim ajo ka pas\u00eb pasoja afatgjata n\u00eb zhvillimin arsimor, kulturor, shoq\u00ebror dhe ekonomik t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi. Andaj, shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Ma t\u00eb Zi, edhe pse  jan\u00eb pakic\u00eb autoktone, specifike historike dhe kulturore, akoma gjinden n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb  materiale dhe shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb pap\u00eblqyeshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sikurse \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur me vendosjen e sitemit shum\u00ebpartiak n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi pas vitit 1990, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve jan\u00eb organizuar n\u00eb parti qytetare. Kurse n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr jan\u00eb formuar dhe disa parti nacionale. Mir\u00ebpo, shtrohet pyetja: sesi t\u00eb sigurohet p\u00ebrgjeg\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb, si t\u00eb arrihet q\u00eb ata me t\u00eb vertet\u00eb tu sherbejn\u00eb interesave t\u00eb popullit shqiptar n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb partit\u00eb qytetare zbatohet modeli  i till\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e p\u00ebraq\u00ebsues\u00ebve politik\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb deskriptive t\u00eb ken\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare, prandaj dhe t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim i till\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb trupin ligj\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb ket\u00eb antar\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i takojn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb pakice nacionale edhe pse ajo nuk i ka zgjedh, por trupi i pergjithsh\u00ebm elektoral. N\u00eb an\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, ata jan\u00eb kandidat\u00eb t\u00eb partive t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb ashtuquejtura qytetare dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb parimore  duhet t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb programet dhe k\u00ebrkesat e partive q\u00eb u takojn\u00eb. Prandaj, prej p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues\u00ebve t\u00eb till\u00eb as q\u00eb mund t\u00eb pritet q\u00eb ti p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb interesat e pakicave komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb teorin\u00eb politike partit\u00eb nacionale paraqesin nj\u00eb institut demokratik n\u00eb artikulimin e interesave komb\u00ebtare. Mir\u00ebpo, shtrohet pyetja:  partit\u00eb nacionale a i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb interesat nacionale gjithher\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konsekuente , dhe n\u00ebse i realizojm\u00eb, n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mase at\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb, apo  vet\u00ebm vetmashtrojn\u00eb se at\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb, derisa n\u00eb t\u00eb vertet\u00eb sendertojn\u00eb interesat e veta t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, respektivisht t\u00eb udhheq\u00ebsive t\u00eb tyre, dhe at\u00eb jo rrall\u00eb n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb cilin e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonj\u00eb apo kishte me u dasht\u00eb ta p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrfundim:<\/strong> M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi nuk u duhen shum\u00eb parti politike nacionale, por m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti dy Parti t\u00eb forta kuadrovike, t\u00eb cilave nuk do tu mungoj\u00eb profesionalizmi dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia politike. Fatkeqsisht, k\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi, shikuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi historikisht nuk i kan\u00eb stolisur dhe karakterizuar p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit politik\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nik\u00eb Gashaj, Politolog \u00c7\u00ebshtja e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik t\u00eb pakicave komb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr problemet qendrore t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit demokratk, sepse prek n\u00eb vet\u00eb themelet e demokracis\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb parimit t\u00eb barazis\u00eb politike, nga e cila rrjedh  dhe e drejta p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.  N\u00ebse pakicat nacionale nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb proporcionale, at\u00ebher\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14722,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26078"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26079,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26078\/revisions\/26079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}