{"id":24259,"date":"2019-11-19T11:55:06","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T10:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=24259"},"modified":"2019-11-19T11:57:22","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T10:57:22","slug":"zezaket-e-ulqinit-kater-shekuj-te-negro-komunitetit-shqipfoles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=24259","title":{"rendered":"ZEZAK\u00cbT E ULQINIT – Kat\u00ebr shekuj t\u00eb negro-komunitetit shqipfol\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Ulqini ka vazhduar t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnjues mileniumesh i historis\u00eb ballkanase pran\u00eb detit q\u00eb nga koha kur u krijua si koloni greke, apo si nj\u00eb ngulim i dalluesh\u00ebm ilir n\u00eb Adriatik, prej kur edhe datojn\u00eb muret e tij t\u00eb para ciklopike q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb edhe sot t\u00eb jen\u00eb themel i k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs impresive. Argumenti yn\u00eb lidhet me faktin se si dhe kur mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn zezak\u00ebt e par\u00eb n\u00eb Ulqin. Por, nd\u00ebrlidhja e Ulqinit me detarin\u00eb dhe rrjedhimisht me pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb, p\u00ebrbrenda kontekstit historik q\u00eb u elaborua m\u00eb lart, duke i shtuar qartazi k\u00ebsaj edhe bashk\u00ebpunimin dhe shk\u00ebmbimin e Ulqinit me Afrik\u00ebn veriore, jan\u00eb konturet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat duhet k\u00ebrkuar zb\u00ebrthimin e k\u00ebsaj dukurie\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga Ylber HYSA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulqini ka vazhduar t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnjues mileniumesh i historis\u00eb ballkanase pran\u00eb detit q\u00eb nga koha kur u krijua si koloni greke, apo si nj\u00eb ngulim i dalluesh\u00ebm ilir n\u00eb Adriatik, prej kur edhe datojn\u00eb muret e tij t\u00eb para ciklopike q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb edhe sot t\u00eb jen\u00eb themel i k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs impresive. Duke pasur nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb lakmueshme ku mbaron bregu ranor dhe fillon ai guror i k\u00ebtij pellgu me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb ka bashkuar e ndar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se asnj\u00eb det tjet\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimin dhe Lindjen dhe duke qen\u00eb her\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb fuqie politike, civilizuese e kulturore, her\u00eb duke sh\u00ebnjuar ndarjen mes tyre, Ulqini me kalan\u00eb e vet mij\u00ebvje\u00e7are ka pasur edhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr natyrore e relievore: bregdetin e p\u00ebrthyer q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes lumit (Bun\u00ebs) ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb hinterlandit (p\u00ebrmes liqenit) n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, gjer te ky qytet tjet\u00ebr me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Ballkanit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shpesh n\u00eb lidhje me Shkodr\u00ebn, ose pa t\u00eb, Ulqini ka mbajtur pozicionin e nj\u00eb qendre t\u00eb paevitueshme detare, tregtare e kulturore n\u00eb histori. Por, Ulqini, var\u00ebsisht nga koh\u00ebt e ndryshme ka qen\u00eb brenda ose n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet kund\u00ebrshtuese t\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komponenteve konsistente politike t\u00eb Adriatikut (Roma, Bizanti, Venediku, Perandoria Osmane), ose mbret\u00ebrive rajonale (Norman\u00ebt, Mbret\u00ebria Hungareze), apo atyre lokale e vendore (Zeta, Nemanjiq\u00ebt, Balshajt, Bushatlinjt\u00eb etj.), shpesh duke sh\u00ebnuar edhe kufirin mes tyre. N\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht dominimi afatgjat\u00eb i nj\u00eb force historike me stabilitet shum\u00ebshekullor q\u00eb duke i mbajtur dy an\u00ebt e bregut ka realizuar iden\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre perandorive t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Adriatikut, q\u00eb vetvetiu ka kuptim\u00ebsuar edhe lidhjen e Per\u00ebndimit dhe Lindjes n\u00eb nj\u00eb konstelacion politik, ekonomik e civilizues, si\u00e7 ka qen\u00eb Roma, apo Bizanti, dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb Dominantja e Adriatikut \u2013 Venediku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo mund\u00ebsoi p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvillim kontinuel t\u00eb pellgut n\u00eb realizimin e nj\u00eb aspirate kaq t\u00eb sh\u00ebnueshme n\u00eb histori. Por, shpesh her\u00eb k\u00ebto forca kan\u00eb vazhduar t\u00eb shtyhen mes vete p\u00ebr dominim, sikurse me rastin e zbarkimit norman n\u00eb bregun lindor t\u00eb Adriatikut, ose me konsolidimin venedikas n\u00eb dy an\u00ebt e detit. Ka pasur edhe shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera historike kur Adriatiku ka sh\u00ebnuar vendbetej\u00ebn e goditjeve dhe kon-frontimeve n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr dominim lindje-per\u00ebndim, si\u00e7 ishte konflikti normano-bizantin, q\u00eb gjeti epilogun pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shtrat gjeografik. Dhe ishte pik\u00ebrisht ky pellg ku jan\u00eb ngritur kufijt\u00eb e barrierat dhe kan\u00eb ndodhur p\u00ebrplasjet mes forcave t\u00eb ndryshme ambicioze dhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme gjeopolitike e historike, si\u00e7 ka qen\u00eb rasti me pes\u00eb shekujt e dominimit osman n\u00eb Adriatik, q\u00eb ka shnd\u00ebrruar bregun e tij lindor n\u00eb kufi t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, jo vet\u00ebm politik, por edhe kulturor. Shpesh n\u00eb lidhje me Shkodr\u00ebn, ose pa t\u00eb, Ulqini ka mbajtur pozicionin e nj\u00eb qendre t\u00eb paevitueshme detare, tregtare e kulturore n\u00eb histori. Por, Ulqini, var\u00ebsisht nga koh\u00ebt e ndryshme ka qen\u00eb brenda ose n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet kund\u00ebrshtuese t\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komponenteve konsistente politike t\u00eb Adriatikut (Roma, Bizanti, Vene-di-ku, Perandoria Osmane), ose mbret\u00ebrive rajonale (Norman\u00ebt, Mbret\u00ebria Hungareze), apo atyre lokale e vendore (Zeta, Nemanjiq\u00ebt, Balshajt, Bushatlinjt\u00eb etj.), shpesh duke sh\u00ebnuar edhe kufirin mes tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DETARIA E PIRAT\u00cbRIA PREJ LEPANTOS DERI N\u00cb BERLIN<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuptimi i k\u00ebtij konstelacioni historiko-politik e civilizues e ka dometh\u00ebnien posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr Ulqinin dhe sidomos tem\u00ebn q\u00eb kemi zgjedhur \u2013 zezak\u00ebt n\u00eb Ulqin, q\u00eb poashtu nd\u00ebrthuret logjikisht me temat rrjedh\u00ebse q\u00eb e determinojn\u00eb at\u00eb: detarin\u00eb, piraterin\u00eb, tregtin\u00eb me skllev\u00ebr, si dhe vet\u00eb raportin e forcave q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn m\u00eb lart dhe kontekstin kohor q\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb form\u00ebsim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb kaq t\u00eb larmishme t\u00eb k\u00ebtij qyteti. \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht Ulqini vendp\u00ebrkufizmi i p\u00ebrplasjes s\u00eb forcave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs nga dy brigjet e ndryshme t\u00eb detit: t\u00eb Venedikut, q\u00eb duket mbeti forca e vetme trash\u00ebguese historike n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e dominimit t\u00eb pellgut Adriatik t\u00eb dy brigjeve t\u00eb tij, dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb force tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb ngritje q\u00eb p\u00ebr kaq shekuj vazhdoi t\u00eb jet\u00eb faktor q\u00ebndrues politik e kulturor n\u00eb Adriatik, por vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb saj \u2013 Perandoris\u00eb Osmane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulqini ishte kalaja e fundit e Albanias Veneciane q\u00eb kaloi n\u00eb duart e osman\u00ebve mjaft von\u00eb m\u00eb 1571, pas betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Lepantos. Ishte Ulqini, pra, q\u00eb ishte qyteti i fundit q\u00eb ra n\u00eb duart e turqve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e mbajt\u00ebn at\u00eb deri m\u00eb 1877, duke qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu edhe qyteti i par\u00eb shqiptar q\u00eb doli nga duart e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, q\u00eb n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e nj\u00eb historie t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme n\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs, p\u00ebrmes demonstrimit naval iu shk\u00ebput Port\u00ebs si kompensim p\u00ebr tokat tjera dhe iu dha mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi. \u00cbsht\u00eb ky p\u00ebrkufizim kohor n\u00eb fjal\u00eb \u2013 mes Lepanatos dhe Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit \u2013 q\u00eb ka kornizuar nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb form\u00ebsuar q\u00eb ka ndikuar n\u00eb Ulqinin me vul\u00ebn e saj dhe me koloritin q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm, ku kishte gjetur vendin nj\u00eb i pretenduar i Servantesit, ose mesia i rrem\u00eb Sabataj Zevi,2 apo pirat\u00ebria s\u00eb bashku me skllev\u00ebrit e komunitetin zezak. Ulqini para k\u00ebsaj kohe njihej edhe si pjes\u00eb e rrug\u00ebs navale t\u00eb pelegrinazhit p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb, si\u00e7 shihet edhe nga udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkrimi i anglezit William Way, q\u00eb m\u00eb 13.03.1462 n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vizituar varrin e Krishtit, ku p\u00ebrve\u00e7 qyteteve dalmate dhe Korfuzit n\u00eb Greqi, ve\u00e7on si t\u00eb spikatura edhe qytetet bregdetare t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb vene-di-kase, ku num\u00ebron Ulqinin, Tivarin, Budv\u00ebn dhe Durr\u00eb-sin.3 Kjo situat\u00eb ndryshoi pas Lepantos, q\u00eb u quajt beteja finale p\u00ebr dominimin e Mediteranit, pa marr\u00eb parasysh epilogun momental. Duke anashkaluar Kret\u00ebn dhe duke u shtrir\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb bregdetit grek, Otoman\u00ebt u b\u00ebn\u00eb zot\u00ebr t\u00eb Adriatikut. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb bregdetit t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb ata pushtuan qendrat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme fortifikuese \u2013 Ulqinin dhe Tivarin nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb armata tok\u00ebsore n\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion t\u00eb koordinuar arriti q\u00eb t\u00eb kompletoj\u00eb pushtimin edhe nga brend\u00ebsia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo e rrezikoi Venedikun. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrethan\u00eb do th\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb, edhepse qyteti i fundit q\u00eb hyri n\u00ebn dominimin osman dhe i pari q\u00eb doli nga duart e tij, Ulqini ishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet bregdetar dominant musliman, si nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kufiri m\u00eb verior e shtrirjes osmane, si \u201ck\u00ebshtjell\u00eb n\u00eb kufirin ekstrem\u201d, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb \u00c7elebiu m\u00eb 1662. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, mureve ciklopike ilire, agor\u00ebs antike greke, kull\u00ebs s\u00eb Balshajve, mureve impresive t\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse venedikase, tani iu shtuan nd\u00ebrtimet karakteristike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dominim: xhamit\u00eb, namazgjahu, teqet\u00eb, dyqanet dhe shtrirja dhe rritja e Ulqinit jasht\u00eb mureve t\u00eb kalas\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte si rezultat i nj\u00eb periudhe stabiliteti q\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb tregti t\u00eb p\u00ebrfolur, dhe kjo sidomos me rifunksionalizimin e nd\u00ebrlidhjes me Shkodr\u00ebn, ku tregtar\u00ebt lokal\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga Bushatlinjt\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb konsolidim ekonomik. N\u00eb fakt, Ulqini p\u00ebsoi shum\u00eb nga lufta m\u00eb 1571, saq\u00eb u dogj e u shkat\u00ebrrua nga sanxhakbeu i Shkodr\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e popullsis\u00eb u skllav\u00ebrua. Q\u00eb situata t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, m\u00eb 1474 u sh\u00ebnua edhe nj\u00eb t\u00ebrmet q\u00eb e d\u00ebmtoi m\u00eb tej kalan\u00eb. Vendikasit, q\u00eb edhe pas humbjes s\u00eb tij, ende shpresonin ta shtinin n\u00eb dor\u00eb, sh\u00ebnonin q\u00eb n\u00ebse duhej marr\u00eb, ai k\u00ebrkon prap\u00eb nj\u00eb fortifikim q\u00eb t\u00eb mbahej i pushtuar. Sipas disa d\u00ebshmive, ai mbeti i pafortifikuar plot\u00ebsisht edhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XVI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cASKUSH NUK GUXON T\u00cb SHKOJ\u00cb N\u00cb BARBARI\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga nj\u00eb dokument i shek. XVII Ulqini, tashm\u00eb ishte \u201cbellismo borgo\u201d, kishte nj\u00eb varosh t\u00eb bukur t\u00eb banuar me musliman\u00eb dhe me limanin e Valdanosit, gjasht\u00eb milje n\u00eb jug, ku kishte anije t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e t\u00eb vogla. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb flota e Ulqinit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga 250 anije dhe aty gjendej nj\u00eb kantier detar q\u00eb konsiderohej m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Ishin ulqinak\u00ebt ata q\u00eb e sh\u00ebnuan k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb n\u00eb ngritjen e detaris\u00eb dhe kapaciteteve lundruese q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb ky qytet t\u00eb identifikohej si nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr bart\u00ebse n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij zhvillimi. Por, nj\u00eb detari e dominuar qartazi nga popullsia e shkath\u00ebt lokale, me detar\u00eb me tradit\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt tani lundronin n\u00ebn flamurin osman, b\u00ebri q\u00eb var\u00ebsisht nga konstelacionet politike t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb kufitare venedikase-osmane, t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe implikimet e ndryshme pik\u00ebrisht mbi Ulqin. Kjo sidomos kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb, e cila ishte zeje aq shum\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlidhur me ulqinak\u00ebt dhe si e till\u00eb shpesh e trajtuar si problematike nga venedikasit dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt q\u00eb hasnin n\u00eb ta. Ishte pik\u00ebrisht pirat\u00ebria q\u00eb aq shum\u00eb zuri vend n\u00eb ankesat, trajtesat dhe konfrontimet e ndryshme q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin Ulqinin n\u00eb relacionet e Dominant\u00ebs me Port\u00ebn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Var\u00ebsisht nga k\u00ebto rrethana, por edhe jasht\u00eb tyre, ulqinak\u00ebt ishin faktor\u00eb q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb paanashkalur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Por, var\u00ebsisht se sa deti ishte i hapur apo i mbyllur p\u00ebr komercializim, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb monopoleve vendikase, Ulqini p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthente her\u00eb me transport mallrash e her\u00eb me pirat\u00ebri, sidomos kur kjo i konvenonte Port\u00ebs, por edhe p\u00ebsonte nga ajo n\u00ebse Stambolli lidhte marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr respektimin e luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr pirat\u00ebris\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodhi kur Mehmet Pasha demonstrativisht dogji anijen pirate t\u00eb kapitenit ulqinak Ajdar Pirit n\u00eb limanin e qytetit mu pran\u00eb syve t\u00eb ulqinak\u00ebve. Si p\u00ebrfundim, d\u00ebshmon Anton Douda, diplomati vendikas n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, \u201caskush nuk guxon t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb Barbari (n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn veriore)\u201d. (vijon n\u00eb numrin e ardhsh\u00ebm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebrlidhja e Ulqinit me pirat\u00ebt e Afrik\u00ebs Veriore, Algjerin\u00eb, Tunizin dhe Tripolin kishte nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb etabluar shekullore. Kriza e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Mores\u00eb dhe Kandis\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi r\u00ebnien e potencialit vendikas n\u00eb Adriatikun lindor, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Bok\u00ebn e Kotorrit, q\u00eb u shfryt\u00ebzua nga kapedan\u00ebt ulqinak\u00eb q\u00eb dol\u00ebn nga shtresa e pasuruar e pirat\u00ebve, saq\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XVIII nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e eksporteve n\u00eb limanet shqiptare gjendej n\u00eb duart e tyre duke i shtuar atij s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi vler\u00ebn, saq\u00eb sipas d\u00ebshmive venedikase Ulqini q\u00eb tash kishte fituar nj\u00eb prestigj t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm, num\u00ebronte me mij\u00ebra marinar\u00eb n\u00eb qytet. Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb vitit 1706, Ulqini dispononte 120 anije me tonazh t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe afro 350 anije t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra, p\u00ebrderisa Boka e Kotorrit, konkurruese n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsi, kishte mbetur me vet\u00ebm 20 anije. Anijet tregtare ulqinake b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim malli mes limaneve t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb qyteteve bregdetare italiane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anijet e ndryshme duhet t\u00eb respektonin lundrimin edhe n\u00eb Bun\u00eb q\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn kujdesin e autoriteteve t\u00eb Ulqinit dhe kjo klauzol\u00eb lidhej me interesin e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb flot\u00ebs ulqinake q\u00eb kishte fush\u00ebveprimin e lundrimit n\u00eb Adriatik, n\u00eb brigjet e t\u00eb cilit merrte e shpinte mallrat q\u00eb shk\u00ebmbenin skelat shqiptare me ato dalmatine e italiane. Kjo b\u00ebhej kundrejt nj\u00eb garancie t\u00eb lundrimit q\u00eb e b\u00ebnte Dominantja, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. K\u00ebshtu, Ulqini detyrohej p\u00ebr mbrojtje t\u00eb anijeve veneciane n\u00eb limanet q\u00eb vareshin nga ajo. Prandaj, n\u00eb rastet si ai m\u00eb 1748, kur pirati me origjin\u00eb ulqinake, Haxhi Mustafa, e shkeli marr\u00ebveshjen dhe n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat e Bun\u00ebs grabiti nj\u00eb anije venedikase dhe e mori p\u00ebr skllav kapitenin e saj s\u00eb bashku me dy t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nga ekuipazhi, duhej b\u00ebr\u00eb intervenimi. 10 Ulqini u imponua me shkatht\u00ebsin\u00eb e gjetjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire veprimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb realitet kufitar, duke njohur dhe konflikte nd\u00ebrkufitare, sidomos me perastian\u00ebt n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Bok\u00ebs s\u00eb Kotorrit, q\u00eb ishin n\u00ebn mbrojtjen e Venedikut. Por, var\u00ebsisht nga koh\u00ebt e ndryshme dhe k\u00ebtyre konstelacioneve, sh\u00ebnohej ngritja apo ulja e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Ulqinit si port, saq\u00eb pas rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs s\u00eb Bushatlinj\u00ebve, Eduard Lear m\u00eb 1851 e p\u00ebrshkruan k\u00ebt\u00eb distrikt ku bie edhe Ulqini si \u201cSiberi, ekzil i Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00eb\u2026\u201d. K\u00ebshtu ndodhi gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave turko-venedikase (1714-1718) kur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tregtare u pezulluan. Anijet ulqinake u urdh\u00ebruan nga Stambolli t\u00eb ndalonin venedikasit t\u00eb ngarkonin n\u00eb bregdetin shqiptar dhe q\u00eb ato n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb mos d\u00ebrgonin mall atje. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr, pas paqes s\u00eb Pozharevcit, Venediku i imponoi Port\u00ebs ndalimin e anijeve ulqinake n\u00eb Venedik, pas nj\u00eb skandali t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm kur shqiptar\u00ebt kishin sht\u00ebn\u00eb kund\u00ebr bu\u00e7intorit t\u00eb doxh\u00ebs s\u00eb Venedikut, i cili n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e ngjarjes po vinte n\u00eb ceremoni. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb Stambolli ta p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb urdh\u00ebr te pashai i Shkodr\u00ebs dhe kadiu i Ulqinit. Paqja e Pozharevcit (1718) dhe e Beogradit (1739) i referohej Ulqinit me ndalje pirat\u00ebrie, lirim t\u00eb rob\u00ebrve dhe ndalim lundrimi me anije t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e t\u00eb shpejta. Ulqinak\u00ebt nuk i respektonin t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht k\u00ebto ndalesa dhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste pat\u00ebn telashe me Port\u00ebn, sikurse me Sinan Pash\u00ebn. Por, n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, kur e nx\u00ebn\u00eb me luft\u00ebrat e shpeshta me Austrin\u00eb, Rusin\u00eb e Persin\u00eb, Porta nuk mund t\u00eb ushtronte pushtetin e plot\u00eb dhe kur anarkia apo vet\u00ebqeverisja e imponuar e krahinave t\u00eb ndryshme mori hov, ulqinak\u00ebt vazhduan t\u00eb udh\u00ebheqin nj\u00eb veprimtari sipas qejfit dhe interesit t\u00eb tyre, saq\u00eb agallar\u00ebt ulqinak\u00eb vran\u00eb dizdarin e k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs s\u00eb Ulqinit i cili u mundua t\u00eb impononte vendimet e Stambollit p\u00ebr ndales\u00eb pirat\u00ebrie, apo ofrim strehimi p\u00ebr pirat\u00ebt e Afrik\u00ebs veriore, apo edhe tregtimit me Venedikun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo shkaktoi intervenimin ushtarak t\u00eb Ibrahim Pash\u00ebs s\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs i cili nuk mundi t\u00eb arrinte sukses derisa atij nuk iu bashkua mytesarifi i Shkodr\u00ebs me forcat e tij. Studiuesi ulqinak, Haxhi-brahimi, konsideron q\u00eb Ulqini ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb \u201cshtet n\u00eb shtet\u201d apo \u201crepublik\u00eb pirate\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb ende e paqart\u00eb se si dhe kur mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn zezak\u00ebt e par\u00eb n\u00eb Ulqin. Por, nd\u00ebrlidhja e Ulqinit me detarin\u00eb dhe rrjedhimisht me pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb, p\u00ebrbrenda kontekstit historik q\u00eb u elaborua m\u00eb lart, duke i shtuar qartazi k\u00ebsaj edhe bashk\u00ebpunimin dhe shk\u00ebmbimin e Ulqinit me Afrik\u00ebn veriore, jan\u00eb konturat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat duhet k\u00ebrkuar zb\u00ebrthimin e k\u00ebsaj dukurie. Ekzistojn\u00eb bindje te nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e literatur\u00ebs se berber\u00ebt algjerian\u00eb, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas pushtimit t\u00eb Ulqinit nga osman\u00ebt, jan\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb Ulqin dhe kjo do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb gjenez\u00eb a pik\u00ebmb\u00ebshtetje e fenomenit t\u00eb pirat\u00ebris\u00eb dhe tregtis\u00eb me skllev\u00ebr. Ky sugjerim nuk d\u00ebshmohet p\u00ebrfundimisht nd\u00ebr burime, por gjithsesi mbetet argument i pamohuesh\u00ebm bashk\u00ebpunimi i detar\u00ebve dhe pirat\u00ebve ulqinak\u00eb me afrikanoverior\u00ebt. Ulqini n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njihej p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb fitoi, qoft\u00eb si baz\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebse e logjistike e pirat\u00ebve t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla q\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqeshin nga vet\u00eb ulqinak\u00ebt. Por, tregtia me skllev\u00ebr, nganj\u00ebher\u00eb e p\u00ebrkrahur edhe me rob\u00ebr t\u00eb luft\u00ebs nga betejat e koh\u00ebs ku kryqi ndeshej me gjysm\u00ebh\u00ebn\u00ebn, si fenomen kryesisht ekzistonte nga vet\u00eb tregtia e q\u00ebndrueshme q\u00eb ishte etabluar n\u00eb tregjet tradicionale t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve nga burimet trans-sahariane t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb zez\u00eb muslimane q\u00eb silleshin n\u00eb qendrat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb brigjeve veriore t\u00eb kontinentit, sikurse Tripoli. Skllev\u00ebrit e zinj k\u00ebtu ishin nj\u00eb mall tradicional. Ulqinak\u00ebt ishin nj\u00eb sinonim detarie e p\u00ebrzier me pirat\u00ebri dhe rrjedhimisht edhe t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb me skllev\u00ebr, qoft\u00eb ata si rob\u00ebr lufte, rremtar\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin nga ta n\u00ebp\u00ebr anije, ose p\u00ebr tregtin\u00eb me skllev\u00ebr t\u00eb zinj q\u00eb ekspozoheshin n\u00eb sheshin e njohur n\u00eb piacen venedikase pran\u00eb donzhonit t\u00eb njohur si kulla e Balshajve. Por, para se t\u00eb zb\u00ebrthehet ky aspekt, ia vlen q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen dy digresione nd\u00ebrlidh\u00ebse q\u00eb nd\u00ebrthuren n\u00eb tem\u00eb. E k\u00ebto jan\u00eb: 1) ekzistimi i pirat\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto an\u00eb para koh\u00ebs osmane dhe 2) nj\u00eb historik i pirat\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe n\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb se vet\u00eb Ulqini. S\u2019do harruar se invadimi romak n\u00eb Ballkan ka filluar n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb luftimit t\u00eb pirat\u00ebris\u00eb nga bregu tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqej nga Mbret\u00ebresha Teuta. Ilir\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb shum\u00eb burime t\u00eb koh\u00ebs si popullat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb aplikuar pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb gati si form\u00eb e tyre jetese pran\u00eb detit. Duke shfryt\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb e bregdetit lindor t\u00eb Adriatikut, me shum\u00eb strehime natyrore, ngushtica e ujdhesa, anijet e shpejta ilire kishin pla\u00e7kitur nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb anijet e ndryshme t\u00eb pasura greke dhe ato italike. K\u00ebshtu pirat\u00ebria ishte nj\u00eb dukuri historike tek ilir\u00ebt, dhe ajo para se t\u00eb sh\u00ebnonte konsekuencat e njohura politike, n\u00eb fillim kishte kryesisht karakterin ekonomik. Fiset ilire merreshin me k\u00ebt\u00eb zeje nga koh\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lashta dhe nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin p\u00ebrjashtim nga nj\u00eb dukuri e k\u00ebtill\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapur edhe nd\u00ebr popullata t\u00eb vjetra mesdhetare, kretasit, fenikasit, etrusk\u00ebt, madje edhe vet\u00eb grek\u00ebt e romak\u00ebt n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre historik. Autor\u00ebt antik shkruanin me urrejtje p\u00ebr pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapur tek ilir\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Polibin, Apianin, Strabonin dhe Tit Livin. N\u00eb fakt, sulmet pirateske ilire u sh\u00ebnuan, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se n\u00eb det t\u00eb hapur, edhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb qytetet greke dhe ato sillnin nj\u00eb pasurim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, nj\u00eb leverdi t\u00eb sh\u00ebnueshme nga pla\u00e7ka saq\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet ekonomike, si\u00e7 v\u00ebren ilirologu Stip\u00e7eviq, luajt\u00ebn nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb procesin e krijimit t\u00eb shtresave n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ilire. Holleux konsideron se p\u00ebr fiset bregdetare ilire \u201cpirat\u00ebria ishte industri komb\u00ebtare\u201d. Ai shton se \u201cAdriatiku mbeti si m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb duar t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe pirat\u00ebria vazhdoi t\u00eb ishte e keqja e tij endemike\u201d. 20 Pirat\u00ebria n\u00eb Adriatik \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnueshme edhe n\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, sidomos pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Perandorive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha detare, Rom\u00ebs dhe Bizantit. Ashtu si\u00e7 besohet nga disa autor\u00eb, pirat\u00ebria dhe mortaja kishin nj\u00eb veti t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u2013 t\u00eb dyja vinin shpesh nga territoret otomane. Por, jo vet\u00ebm nga aty. Pirat\u00ebria ishte nj\u00eb aktivitet thelb\u00ebsor i jet\u00ebs detare deri kah viti 1820.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adriatiku ishte nj\u00eb shtrat i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb gji detar ku ndesheshin paevituesh\u00ebm aktor\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb dhe ku nj\u00eb fenomen i k\u00ebtill\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje shekullore. P\u00ebr dallim nga hap\u00ebsirat e tjera ujore evropiane, si La Manshi ose deti Veriut, apo Atlantiku, k\u00ebtu kusaria dhe pirat\u00ebria dalloheshin me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, sepse n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrzihen nj\u00eb varg faktor\u00ebsh, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe shtetet e t\u00ebra, sikurse regjencat berbere t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut, apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebt edhe kalor\u00ebsit e krishter\u00eb t\u00eb Malt\u00ebs, q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb e kishin nj\u00eb form\u00eb tradicionale jetese. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr \u00e7do konflikt luftarak e ngjallte pirat\u00ebrin\u00eb. Pirat\u00ebria n\u00eb Adriatik praktikohej edhe nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, sidomos nga uskok\u00ebt e famsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Dalmaci, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt me specialitetin e tyre t\u00eb kusaris\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb grabitjeve detare arrit\u00ebn kulmin n\u00eb shekujt XVIXVII, por pas intervenimeve venedikase n\u00eb Quarner t\u00eb Istrias, ata pushuan p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u paraqitur sporadikisht n\u00eb kanalin e Morlac\u00ebs. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Adriatikut pirat\u00ebria mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsehej konform interesave kund\u00ebrshtuese politike, sikurse ndodhi n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur Burbon\u00ebt, trash\u00ebgimtar\u00eb t\u00eb Habsburg\u00ebve t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs diktuan autoritetin e tyre mbi mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Napolit. Tregtia napolitane u godit nga kusaria e Segn\u00ebs. Pasi Habsburg\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb mbanin prap\u00eb Napolin, p\u00ebr ta dor\u00ebzuar at\u00eb m\u00eb 1735, tani pirat\u00ebria do t\u00eb favorizohej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kurr\u00eb nga Vjena. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kusaria kaloi nivelin e sulmeve p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprerje qarkullimi detar dhe sh\u00ebnoi sulme n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb detin duke penguar sidomos tregtin\u00eb e Venedikut. Kjo situat\u00eb u rikthye n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e konflikteve p\u00ebr trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e fronit austriak (1740-1748) dhe Segna prap\u00eb u ky\u00e7 me intensitet n\u00eb kusari n\u00eb det t\u00eb hapur n\u00eb brigjet italiane, duke mos respektuar as flamurin papnor, apo venedikas. P\u00ebr dallim nga pirat\u00ebria n\u00eb Atlantik ku p\u00ebrleshjet mes forcave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha detare ishin t\u00eb rralla, n\u00eb Adriatik konfrontimet ishin m\u00eb normale edhe p\u00ebr shkaqe gjeografike, por edhe si p\u00ebrleshje mes fuqive t\u00eb krishtera dhe otomane, saq\u00eb k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr dallim nga hap\u00ebsirat e tjera, ku pirat\u00ebria njihej vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb konflikteve, n\u00eb Adriatik ajo thuajse nuk pushonte kurr\u00eb. Pirat\u00ebt e porteve shqiptare, Vlora, Durr\u00ebsi, Ulqini q\u00eb vareshin nga otoman\u00ebt shpesh p\u00ebrdoreshin si p\u00ebrforcim detar n\u00eb m\u00ebsymjet dhe konfiktet me Venedikun, si\u00e7 ndodhi edhe gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Kandis\u00eb. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb \u201cshqiptar\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb ishin jo vet\u00ebm detar\u00ebt e Ulqinit, por kjo sh\u00ebrbeu si sinonim edhe p\u00ebr grek\u00ebt me prejardhje shqiptare. Zmbrapsja e Venedikut b\u00ebri nj\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb edhe \u201ckusaria e vog\u00ebl\u201d n\u00eb Adriatik q\u00eb nuk ishte m\u00eb pak e rrezikshme se sa ajo e \u201cmadhja\u201d, e njohur nga skuadriljet algjeriane, operuese n\u00eb gjith\u00eb Mesdheun. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb ishujt jonian\u00eb ishin aktiv\u00eb pirat\u00ebt grek\u00eb q\u00eb ndihmonin Venedikun. Bregu lindor i Adriatikut me plot ngushtica dhe relieve lejonte jo vet\u00ebm strehim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb por, edhe er\u00ebra shtyt\u00ebse, q\u00eb mund\u00ebsonin paraqitjet e befasishme n\u00eb det t\u00eb anijeve pirate t\u00eb uskok\u00ebve dalmat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb atyre nga portet shqiptare, si\u00e7 b\u00ebnin dikur ilir\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr. Anijet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin n\u00eb Adriatik sipas burimeve raguzane dhe t\u00eb tjera, ishin anijet galeota, q\u00eb ishin galera t\u00eb vogla, e t\u00eb shpejta manovruese me nga 10 deri 26 banka rremtar\u00ebsh, t\u00eb pajisura me artileri t\u00eb leht\u00eb. P\u00ebrdoreshin edhe fustet, q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me brigantin\u00ebt, por mjaft t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara. Shpesh rremtar\u00eb ishin rob\u00ebrit e Markeve italiane apo t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt dalmatin\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb nga pirat\u00ebt e Ulqinit. Kjo dukuri me koh\u00eb m\u00eb pak u b\u00eb gjueti p\u00ebr rremtar\u00eb, se sa gjah n\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb grabitur q\u00eb liroheshin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblim. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luanin rol sidomos raguzian\u00ebt, q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs te Porta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb. Pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Kandis\u00eb duket q\u00eb tehu i pirat\u00ebris\u00eb u zbeh dhe shpesh kishte nd\u00ebrhyrje dhe demonstrime navale n\u00eb brigjet e Afrik\u00ebs veriore nga forcat detare per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb rritje, ndon\u00ebse mos-sulmi shpesh ishte pasoj\u00eb e marr\u00ebveshjes q\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblimin e paguar, si\u00e7 ndodhi me venedikasit, q\u00eb mes viteve 1794-1796 paguan 23 mij\u00eb piastra spanjolle n\u00eb Tripoli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebtu do p\u00ebrmendur gjithsesi edhe ekzistimin e fenomenit t\u00eb \u201cRob\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb bardh\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb\u201d, q\u00eb shtetet afrikano-veriore ose \u201cBarbaria\u201d e kan\u00eb zbatuar afro 3 shekuj, mes viteve 1500-1800. \u201cBarbaria\u201d si nj\u00eb shprehje e etabluar e koh\u00ebs n\u00ebnkuptonte shtetet dhe rajonet berbere \u2013 Maroko, Algjeri, Tunisi, Tripoli dhe Barka, ku skllav\u00ebrimi i t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve europian\u00eb njohu nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb saq\u00eb kusar\u00ebt arab\u00eb t\u00eb Barbaris\u00eb kishin zaptuar jo vet\u00ebm anije n\u00eb det t\u00eb hapur n\u00eb Mediteran, duke shkuar gjer\u00eb n\u00eb Britani dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast edhe n\u00eb Island\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb rob\u00ebr t\u00eb bardh\u00ebt e krishter\u00eb, por ata nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb invadime tok\u00ebsore n\u00eb bregdet, sidomos n\u00eb Itali, Spanj\u00eb, Franc\u00eb e Portugali. Sipas autorit Davis, n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga punimet e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb reja q\u00eb solli rezultate shokuese, ishin diku 1 milion deri 1 milon\u00eb e 125 mij\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb europian\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr 3 shekuj ishin z\u00ebn\u00eb e mbajtur n\u00eb \u201cBarbari\u201d. Ky autor mundohet t\u00eb sugjeroj\u00eb q\u00eb skllav\u00ebria e bardh\u00eb e krishter\u00eb ishte gati nj\u00ebsoj e madhe si ajo trans-atlantike me zezak\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebta t\u00eb bardh\u00eb rob\u00ebr k\u00ebrkohej kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblim q\u00eb paguanin familjet e tyre, ose organizatat e specializuara kishtare si Trinit\u00ebt. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb burime t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebrmenden shum\u00eb her\u00eb ulqinak\u00ebt dhe Ulqini, ku rob\u00ebrit e krishter\u00eb europian\u00eb mbaheshin t\u00eb burgosur, peng hara\u00e7i dhe pik\u00ebrisht aty ishte vendi i pazareve t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblimit. D\u00ebshmi t\u00eb shumta flasin p\u00ebr k\u00ebso situatash dramatike dhe fate t\u00eb r\u00ebnda njer\u00ebzore. Antonio Ascentij, q\u00eb dikur kishte qen\u00eb rob n\u00eb Ulqin, shpjegonte se i jan\u00eb dashur 3 vjet deri sa i kishte shkruar let\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb tij me gjakun e tij. Nj\u00eb italian tjet\u00ebr Mazzocati m\u00eb 1687 poashtu kishte q\u00ebndruar rob n\u00eb Ulqin dhe t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn shum\u00eb nd\u00ebr burime t\u00eb ndryshme. Komuniteti n\u00eb Gonafalone t\u00eb Italis\u00eb kishte organizuar nj\u00eb mbledhje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb fondesh dhe ishte nisur p\u00ebr n\u00eb Ulqin p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblyer dhe liruar familjar\u00ebt e z\u00ebn\u00eb rob n\u00eb Ulqin. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb shumta, Ulqini p\u00ebrmendet si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrstacion dhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs logjistik n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e mundshme t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb me skllev\u00ebrit e bardh\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr Barbari, s\u00eb bashku me dy qendra tjera, Lepanton dhe Santa Mauron. Gjendja ndryshoi kryesisht me prezenc\u00ebn e forcave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha detare europiane, Franc\u00ebs dhe sidomos Britanis\u00eb, e cila si zonj\u00eb e padiskutueshme e deteve e bombardoi Algjerin\u00eb m\u00eb 1816. Pirat\u00ebria nga kjo koh\u00eb, rreth vitit 1830, pothuajse u shkat\u00ebrrua plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb k\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira ujore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KOMUNITETI ZEZAK<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prezenca e komunitetit zezak n\u00eb Ulqin \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnueshme p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kat\u00ebr shekuj n\u00eb kontinuitet. Ulqini nuk sh\u00ebrbeu vet\u00ebm si treg skllev\u00ebrish, ose si nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb ishte i lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb zeje, por edhe si vendbanim ku u ngulit komuniteti q\u00eb k\u00ebtu u adoptua dhe u b\u00eb i gjall\u00eb. Var\u00ebsisht nga koh\u00ebt, numri i tij varionte por, sipas disa sh\u00ebnimeve n\u00eb Ulqin deri sa u largua pushteti osman, jetonte num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm zezak\u00ebsh. 29 Ata vinin k\u00ebtu n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme, si skllev\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga Afrika, t\u00eb bler\u00eb n\u00eb tregjet tradicionale t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut. Tregtia me skllev\u00ebr dhe skllav\u00ebria k\u00ebtu kishte nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb etabluar shekullore, q\u00eb nga rob\u00ebrit e klasifikuar si fuqi pun\u00ebtore, apo p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb specializuara si sh\u00ebrbyes sht\u00ebpish, deri te konkubinat dhe evnuh\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb e k\u00ebtill\u00eb arabe, ndon\u00ebse ajo ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb t\u00eb theksuar me interpretimin kuranik mbi skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb sidomos kur b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr musliman\u00ebt, apo zezak\u00ebt e konvertuar n\u00eb Islam, u bart edhe tek Otoman\u00ebt saq\u00eb rob\u00ebrit e zinj dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb oborrin perandorak osman ishin pjes\u00eb e shk\u00eblqimit q\u00eb shpesh sillej n\u00eb tablot dhe kronikat e udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruesve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb. Ulqinak\u00ebt, mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tradit\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e arealit politiko-historik e kulturor otoman, kishin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ardhjes n\u00eb kontakt me k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen dhe tregje, duke pasur nj\u00eb akces m\u00eb t\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm me Afrik\u00ebn dhe kjo shpjegon se si Ulqini m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb Adriatik p\u00ebrfitoi nga kjo mund\u00ebsi e tregtis\u00eb me skllev\u00ebr. Por, n\u00ebse shikohet m\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe krahasohet me nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Mediteran apo hap\u00ebsir\u00eb brenda territorit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb otoman ku kishte skllev\u00ebr, n\u00eb Ulqin kishte nj\u00eb komunitet t\u00eb etabluar q\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb jetes\u00eb kontinuele, q\u00eb ishte i dalluesh\u00ebm edhe nga rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt edhe nga sfondet e ndryshme t\u00eb akulturimit. Zezak\u00ebt n\u00eb Ulqin, s\u00eb pari si skllev\u00ebr, e pastaj t\u00eb liruar, ishin t\u00eb mish\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb akomoduar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient q\u00eb b\u00ebhej i tyre. Ata ishin t\u00eb pranuar deri n\u00eb fund si pjes\u00eb e komunitetit, pa shenja imponuese dalluese sociale apo t\u00eb getoizuar, saq\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr nga gjuha e p\u00ebrdorur lirisht mund t\u00eb quheshin komunitet negro shqipfol\u00ebs. Kjo jetes\u00eb e komunitetit nuk mund t\u00eb shpjegohet pa i dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij shpjegimin lokal t\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb jet\u00ebs t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi nj\u00eb princip t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs shqiptare lokale t\u00eb Ulqinit dhe rrethin\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me gjith\u00eb karakteristikat e tjera, q\u00eb ky komunitet \u00ebsht\u00eb musliman dhe ku grat\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbuluara, q\u00eb ishte form\u00eb e t\u00eb jetuarit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs brenda kontekstit otoman, dallohet edhe komponenta e vog\u00ebl autoktone afrikane q\u00eb i ka shp\u00ebtuar asimilimit total: shenjat dhe tatuazhet q\u00eb jan\u00eb marker i jasht\u00ebm social; ushqimit (p\u00ebr festa p\u00ebrdorej ushqimi me origjin\u00eb nga atdheu i vjet\u00ebr); apo karakteri (temperamenti, disponimi, p\u00ebrjetimi estetik i veshjes etj.). E t\u00ebra nuk mund t\u00eb shpjegohet pa nj\u00eb komponent\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb po aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u2013 shpjegimi i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi koncepte t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs shqiptare (gjuha, familja, kultura lokale, egaliteti klanor, solidariteti dhe mbrojtja e bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb etj.). Tekefundit, edhe vet\u00eb jetesa, zhvillimi i komunitetit si dhe gati zhdukja e tyre, nd\u00ebrlidhet brenda konturave t\u00eb shpjeguara m\u00eb lart, t\u00eb Ulqinit mes Lepantit dhe Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit. Me t\u2019u zhdukur ky realitet dhe me marrjen e Ulqinit nga Mali i Zi, ky komunitet sh\u00ebnon r\u00ebnien drastike deri n\u00eb asimilim q\u00eb po ndodh n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, kur duket q\u00eb ka mbetur vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb plak\u00eb zezake q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nga t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit zezak\u00eb. Zezak\u00ebt u t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn s\u00eb bashku me agallar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Ulqinit, tregtar\u00ebt e pasur dhe detar\u00ebt q\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb e lan\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet pas ndryshimeve n\u00eb vitin 1880, duke k\u00ebrkuar jet\u00eb gjetiu n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, Durr\u00ebs etj. Ky komunitet nuk mund t\u00eb shpjegohet dhe interpretohet n\u00ebse nuk shihet k\u00ebshtu, pra edhe si negro komunitet shqipfol\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Pjes\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura nga libri i Ylber Hys\u00ebs \u201dSHQIPTAR\u00cbT DHE T\u00cb TJER\u00cbT\u201d)<\/strong>\/GSH\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ulqini ka vazhduar t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnjues mileniumesh i historis\u00eb ballkanase pran\u00eb detit q\u00eb nga koha kur u krijua si koloni greke, apo si nj\u00eb ngulim i dalluesh\u00ebm ilir n\u00eb Adriatik, prej kur edhe datojn\u00eb muret e tij t\u00eb para ciklopike q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb edhe sot t\u00eb jen\u00eb themel i k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs impresive. Argumenti yn\u00eb lidhet me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,18],"tags":[2550,28,2212,2549],"class_list":["post-24259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-histori","tag-harapet-e","tag-ulqin","tag-ylber-hysa","tag-zezaket-e-ulqinit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24259"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24262,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24259\/revisions\/24262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}