{"id":23437,"date":"2019-08-16T01:44:34","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T23:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=23437"},"modified":"2019-08-16T14:15:36","modified_gmt":"2019-08-16T12:15:36","slug":"suedia-dhe-perspektiva-e-barazise-gjinore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=23437","title":{"rendered":"Suedia dhe perspektiva e barazis\u00eb gjinore"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nga\nGladiola Jorbus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historia e zhvillimit shoq\u00ebror \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur p\u00ebr\nshekuj me radh\u00eb, n\u00eb lidhje me rolin e grave n\u00eb raport me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb apo me\nmeshkujt, sikur ato t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb thjesht disa spektatore t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb shum\u00eb\naspekte t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edhe pse n\u00ebp\u00ebr paragraf\u00ebt e librave, emri \u201cgrua\u201d nuk\n\u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur shpesh, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se si objekt d\u00ebshirash, arg\u00ebtues a dekorues apo synimesh\nme karakter abuziv e indinjues, AJO ka ditur t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb denj\u00eb n\u00eb\nmjedisin familjar dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Nd\u00ebr qeniet m\u00eb t\u00eb padukshme dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb\nmargjinalizuara mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrohen: skllev\u00ebrit, njer\u00ebzit me ngjyr\u00eb, t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit,\ngrat\u00eb ; por realiteti q\u00ebndron ndryshe. Pavar\u00ebsisht munges\u00ebs s\u00eb drit\u00ebs, ata kan\u00eb\np\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb shtyll\u00ebn kurrizore t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit: kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar, kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer, kan\u00eb\nlindur jet\u00ebn, kan\u00eb edukuar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Suedi, historia e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave \u00ebsht\u00eb e\ngjat\u00eb dhe ka jehon\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me ligje q\u00eb u kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb barazi\ngrave q\u00eb nga shekulli XIX, n\u00eb vitin 1842, kur grat\u00eb ishin t\u00eb detyruara t\u00eb\nshkonin n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kishin kontroll mbi t\u00eb ardhurat e tyre, edhe pas\nmartes\u00ebs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po t\u2019i referohemi figur\u00ebs s\u00eb gruas n\u00eb Skandinavi, q\u00eb\nnga epoka vikinge shekujt (VIII-XI), do t\u00eb v\u00ebm\u00eb re se grat\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb status\nligjor e shoq\u00ebror relativisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet nordike.  E emta, mbesa ose gjyshja nga ana e babait\nkishin t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb trash\u00ebguar pasurin\u00eb e nj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrmi mashkull. N\u00eb\nmunges\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrmve meshkuj, nj\u00eb grua e pamartuar dhe pa f\u00ebmij\u00eb mund t\u00eb\ntrash\u00ebgonte m\u00eb tej edhe pozit\u00ebn e kryefamiljares nga i ati ose i v\u00ebllai. Gruaja\nq\u00eb mbante k\u00ebt\u00eb status quhej \u201cringkvinna\u201d. Ajo kishte aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb ushtronte t\u00eb\ngjitha t\u00eb drejtat q\u00eb i lejoheshin kryetarit t\u00eb nj\u00eb klani familjar. P.sh., mund\nt\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte dhe t\u00eb merrte gjoba p\u00ebr vrasjen e nj\u00eb an\u00ebtari t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb vet\napo t\u00eb nj\u00eb familjeje tjet\u00ebr; kjo vazhdonte derisa ajo t\u00eb martohej. P\u00ebrmes aktit\nt\u00eb martes\u00ebs, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat do t\u2019i transferoheshin automatikisht burrit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feminizmi n\u00eb Suedi i ka rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt n\u00eb shekullin XVII\ndhe \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar nga qarqet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha intelektuale. Grat\u00eb kishin \u201ct\u00eb\ndrejt\u00eb t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar\u201d gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb liris\u00eb suedeze  (1718 \u2013 1772). T\u00eb parat q\u00eb g\u00ebzuan t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn\ne vot\u00ebs n\u00eb nivel bot\u00ebror ishin grat\u00eb suedeze t\u00eb pamartuara. Ato duhet t\u00eb kishin\nnj\u00eb nivel arsimor t\u00eb caktuar q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb merrnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet\nbashkiake. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr femrat m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatura suedeze mbetet\npoetesha <\/strong>Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. Ajo u\nngrit kund\u00ebr Rusoit, filozofit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm iluminist, me poem\u00ebn Fruntimrens f\u00f6rsvar<\/em> (Mbrojtja e zonjave).\nEdhe pse ishte nj\u00eb ithtare e tij, n\u00eb momentin kur Nordenflycht konstatoi se\ncili ishte vizioni i Rusos\u00eb p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, admirimit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr francezin e famsh\u00ebm\ni erdhi fundi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusoi i kishte shkruar nj\u00eb let\u00ebr H. Alembertit, nj\u00eb\nmatematikan e filozof francez, n\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb teat\u00ebr q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb themelohej\nn\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb let\u00ebr Rusoi pohonte se grat\u00eb<\/em>\nnuk ishin n\u00eb gjendje as ta kuptonin dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha, as ta b\u00ebnin artin: ato\nnuk zot\u00ebronin “ndjenj\u00ebn” dhe “pasionin p\u00ebrv\u00eblues”, aq t\u00eb\nnevojshme p\u00ebr artistin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusoi ishte gjithashtu kund\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb grave\nn\u00eb sfer\u00ebn publike dhe mendonte se njohurit\u00eb e tyre duhej t\u00eb zbatoheshin brenda\nmjedisit sht\u00ebpiak. N\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb poem\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendur lindi debati p\u00ebr rolin\ngjinor dhe barazin\u00eb gjinore. Ai u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga temat kryesore t\u00eb\nbisedave, diskutimeve a ligj\u00ebrimeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb,\nSuedia mbeti vendi pararend\u00ebs i barazis\u00eb gjinore, i udh\u00ebhequr nga nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje\nfeministe si teorike, ashtu edhe praktike. N\u00eb vitin 1920 kishte piloten e par\u00eb\nfem\u00ebr Elsa Andersson, n\u00eb 1867 – infermieren e par\u00eb t\u00eb trajnuar Emmy Rappe, n\u00eb\n1903 – farmacisten e  par\u00eb Agnes\nArvidsson, si dhe plot shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr figur\u00eb tejet interesante\ngruaje e k\u00ebtij vendi \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna e Fogelvikut\n(1494 – 1559). Ajo i p\u00ebrkiste nj\u00eb familjeje fisnike dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb heroin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare\nsuedeze. U martua me regjentin suedez Sten Sture, dhe drejtoi me guxim\nrezistenc\u00ebn suedeze kund\u00ebr Christian-it II t\u00eb Danimark\u00ebs pas vdekjes s\u00eb\nbashk\u00ebshortit t\u00eb saj. Asaj i njihet merita e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb si mbrojt\u00ebsja e\nStokholmit, n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrpjekjen e mbretit t\u00eb lartp\u00ebrmendur p\u00ebr t\u00eb pushtuar\nqytetin n\u00eb vitin 1520.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr fakt i pakund\u00ebrshtuesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb se pozicioni\ndhe t\u00eb drejtat e grave n\u00eb Suedi jan\u00eb prekur nga kultura, feja dhe debatet\nshoq\u00ebrore. Gjithashtu mbi to kan\u00eb ndikuar ndjesh\u00ebm l\u00ebvizja e fort\u00eb feministe si\ndhe ligjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndryshuar disa here, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb konsolidimit t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb\nSuedis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vitet e para t\u00eb shekullit XX ishin vendimtare p\u00ebr\nluft\u00ebn mbi t\u00eb drejtat e gruas dhe u n\u00ebnvizuan nga l\u00ebvizjet feministe t\u00eb\norganizuara nga partit\u00eb politike. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli u aprovuan leja e\nlindjes, t\u00eb drejtat e barabarta brenda martes\u00ebs dhe e drejta universale e vot\u00ebs.\nPor rrug\u00ebtimi vazhdonte.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitet 1920 – 1970, grat\u00eb pa f\u00ebmij\u00eb filluan t\u00eb\nparat t\u00eb luftonin p\u00ebr paga m\u00eb t\u00eb larta dhe ia arrit\u00ebn q\u00ebllimit. Me kalimin e\nkoh\u00ebs, grat\u00eb po pretendonin t\u00eb kishin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ushtronin t\u00eb gjitha\nprofesionet n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Brenda vitit 1979 u ligj\u00ebruan p\u00ebrdorimi i kontraceptiv\u00ebve,\naborti dhe barazia gjinore. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Suedia ishte vendi i par\u00eb q\u00eb paraqiti\nlejen e lindjes p\u00ebr et\u00ebrit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, Suedia pozicionohet si nj\u00eb nga\nvendet me pjes\u00ebmarrjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb grave n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, t\u00eb pozicionuara\nkryesisht n\u00eb arsim dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi, megjith\u00ebse prania e tyre n\u00eb vende drejtuese konsiderohet\nende relativisht e ul\u00ebt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb sfer\u00ebn politike, sipas nj\u00eb renditjeje t\u00eb\nzhvilluar m\u00eb 1 korrik 2019 nga IPU-ja (Organizata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Parlamenteve\ne themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1889), zbulojm\u00eb se p\u00ebrqindja e grave t\u00eb ulura n\u00eb karriget\ne institucionit legjislativ n\u00eb Suedi \u00ebsht\u00eb 47,28 %. N\u00eb Senatin Amerikan nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb,\nkjo shif\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt. Vet\u00ebm 23.7% jan\u00eb\nkongresmene femra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht nga ky fakt, fusha t\u00eb tilla si ekonomia\napo marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me jasht\u00eb, kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb mbisunduara nga meshkujt.\nDuhet ende koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje sa m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb grave n\u00eb\nsferat e ndryshme t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, por Mbret\u00ebria Suedeze \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi q\u00eb afirmon dhe\nkrijon ligje p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur barazin\u00eb, duke u shnd\u00ebrruar k\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb\nperspektiv\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtat e tyre. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Gladiola Jorbus Historia e zhvillimit shoq\u00ebror \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur p\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb, n\u00eb lidhje me rolin e grave n\u00eb raport me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb apo me meshkujt, sikur ato t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb thjesht disa spektatore t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Edhe pse n\u00ebp\u00ebr paragraf\u00ebt e librave, emri \u201cgrua\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur shpesh, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[2473],"class_list":["post-23437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-perspektiva-e-barazise-gjinore"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23437"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23439,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23437\/revisions\/23439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}