{"id":23324,"date":"2019-08-07T12:51:46","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T10:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=23324"},"modified":"2019-08-07T12:51:55","modified_gmt":"2019-08-07T10:51:55","slug":"lufta-kunder-paragjykimeve-etnike-me-e-veshtire-se-thyerja-e-atomit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=23324","title":{"rendered":"Lufta kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve etnike, m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se thyerja e atomit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragjykimet etnike paraqesin\nnj\u00eb problem t\u00eb madh shoq\u00ebror. Ato shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr nxitjen dhe p\u00ebrhapjen e\nantagonizmave dhe konflikteve n\u00eb mes grupeve dhe popujve dhe me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb\nat\u00eb aspekt edhe kan\u00eb sukses. P\u00ebr ata, ndaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb dedikuara,\nparagjykimet etnike paraqesin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, mjerim dhe fatkeq\u00ebsi, meq\u00ebn\u00ebse ua\nv\u00ebshtir\u00ebsojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn, duke u manifestuar gati n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha sferat e jet\u00ebs.\nParagjykimet n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e atyre ndaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ekzistojn\u00eb, negativisht ndikojn\u00eb\ndhe manifestohen n\u00eb diskriminimin n\u00eb pun\u00eb – nuk i kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e barabarta t\u00eb\npun\u00ebsimit, n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb pun\u00ebs nuk pranohen; marrin rroga m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, m\u00eb\nv\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb; jan\u00eb t\u00eb diskriminuar n\u00eb shkolla; n\u00eb disa situata\ntrajtohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb para ligjit etj. Mu p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi\nshoq\u00ebror\u00eb t\u00eb paragjykimeve etnike jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e\nm\u00ebnyrave dhe metodave efikase t\u00eb luftimit kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve. N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn\ne psikologjis\u00eb sociale p\u00ebrmenden m\u00ebnyrat e ndryshme t\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr\nparagjykimeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \nNormat ligjore <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb\nkontestuese, \u00ebsht\u00eb nxjerrja e normave ligjore kund\u00ebr manifestimit t\u00eb\nparagjykimeve. Ka pasur diskutime t\u00eb shumta mbi at\u00eb se a \u00ebsht\u00eb legjislacioni\nmjet efikas n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve dhe diskriminimit ndaj disa grupeve.\nDisa autor\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se ligjet nuk mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb ndikim, sepse p\u00ebr t’u\nliruar nga paragjykimet njer\u00ebzit duhet m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb edukohen. Nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i\nautor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb se edhe me p\u00ebrdorimin e normave juridike \u00ebsht\u00eb e\nmundur q\u00eb t\u00eb ndalohen dhe t\u00eb kufizohen paragjykimet etnike. Rregullat ligjore\njo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb deri t\u00eb leht\u00ebsimi i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb grupeve pakic\u00eb ndaj t\u00eb cilave\nekzistojn\u00eb paragjykimet, por shpien edhe deri te nd\u00ebrrimi i q\u00ebndrimeve ndaj\ntyre – theksojn\u00eb ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb ithtar\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb legjislacionit n\u00eb luft\u00eb\nkund\u00ebr paragjykimeve. Pik\u00ebpamjet e fundit duket se jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme dhe n\u00eb\nfavor t\u00eb tyre d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb edhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna. P\u00ebr shembull, Ligji mbi\ndesegregacionin, i nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA dhe n\u00eb krahinat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ka pasur shum\u00eb\nparagjykime, ka nxitur m\u00eb pak rezistenc\u00eb sesa q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb paramenduar, ose fare\nnuk ka shkaktuar kund\u00ebrshtime. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb e v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb edhe faktet mbi\nformimin e nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta ushtarake prej zezak\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve gjat\u00eb\nLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deri te Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore,\nparimisht, ushtar\u00ebt zezak\u00eb dhe ushtar\u00ebt e bardh\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndara\nushtarake. Para se t\u00eb implementohet vendimi i\nformimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb hulumtime mbi mendimin e\nushtar\u00ebve t\u00eb bardh\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb epror\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb bardh\u00eb, mbi formimin e\nnj\u00ebsive t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. Rezultatet e hulumtimeve t\u00eb tilla kan\u00eb treguar se tek\nata ka ekzistuar nj\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb e madhe ndaj zbatimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb mase t\u00eb till\u00eb.\n\u00cbsht\u00eb shprehur mendimi se nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta ushtarake nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb\nfunksionojn\u00eb dhe n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje ushtarake do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb paafta.\nNd\u00ebrkaq, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar desegregacioni dhe kur jan\u00eb formuar nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e\np\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta ushtarake, \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar se parashikimet e tilla nuk jan\u00eb treguar\nt\u00eb sakta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mir\u00ebpo, jo vet\u00ebm kaq, por\nhulumtimet kan\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar se te nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve jan\u00eb spastruar\ndhe liruar q\u00ebndrimet negative ndaj zezak\u00ebve, ose jan\u00eb zbutur n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb\nmadhe. Sot, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb konsiderohet se lufta kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve\nn\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet normave ligjore ndikon n\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimin e q\u00ebndrimeve dhe n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e\nmarr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb mira interetnike dhe nd\u00ebrnjer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legjislacioni ndikon para s\u00eb\ngjithash, n\u00eb at\u00eb lloj t\u00eb paragjykimeve t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebnjosura\nn\u00eb personalitetin e individ\u00ebve, n\u00eb paragjykimet t\u00eb cilat burimin e kan\u00eb, n\u00eb\nradh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptimet e veta t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura konformiste. Si mjet tjet\u00ebr,\nn\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve p\u00ebrmendet informimi sistematik mbi\npaarsyeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e paragjykimeve. Edhe pse, marr\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb informim i\ntill\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm, ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00ebher\u00eb efikase dhe nuk\njep \u00e7doher\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb d\u00ebshirueshme dhe t\u00eb pritura. Shkaku i k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb,\nnd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat, ekzistimi i t\u00eb ashtuquajturave barriera psikologjike n\u00eb\nkomunikim, sikurse disa autor\u00eb e n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb at\u00eb (Hyman dhe Sheatsly). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              Informacioni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shpeshher\u00eb, ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u jan\u00eb\ndedikuar informatat, dhe ajo kur ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve –\njan\u00eb personat me paragjykime, prandaj informatat e tilla nuk i pranojn\u00eb fare. Ata\ninformatave t\u00eb tilla u ikin dhe u shmangen. \u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar se informatat e\ntilla mbi disa grupe etnike q\u00eb jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohen\nparagjykimet ndaj tyre, i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcjellur, para s\u00eb gjithash, pik\u00ebrisht\npjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e atyre pakicave, nd\u00ebrsa popullata tjet\u00ebr, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i jan\u00eb kushtuar\ninformatat e tilla, fare pak. Nj\u00eb efekt m\u00eb t\u00eb madh sesa infomatat n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet\nmjeteve masive t\u00eb informimit e kan\u00eb ligj\u00ebratat sistematike n\u00eb shkolla dhe\nkurset e seminaret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebrkaq, edhe n\u00eb ato raste kur\nekzistojn\u00eb mekanizmat e fuqish\u00ebm mbrojt\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr mbajtjen\napo ruajtjen e paragjykimeve, informimi mbetet i paefektsh\u00ebm. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, p\u00ebr\nshembull, tregojn\u00eb: se student\u00ebt nga shtetet e jugut t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, kan\u00eb pasur\nparagjykime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ndaj zezak\u00ebve sesa q\u00eb i kishin personat m\u00eb pak t\u00eb\narsimuar nga veriu. Edhe pse student\u00ebt din\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb\ntep\u00ebr mbi problemet racore dhe jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb informuar mbi grupin etnik\nndaj t\u00eb cilit ekzistojn\u00eb paragjykimet, megjithat\u00eb tek ata paragjykimet mbeten.\n\u00cbsht\u00eb treguar se ata konsiderojn\u00eb se zezak\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb, n\u00eb esenc\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb\nm\u00eb t\u00eb keqe dhe se trajtimi i tyre u p\u00ebrgjigjet kushteve ekzistuese shoq\u00ebrore.\nP\u00ebrdorimi i mekanizmave t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, para s\u00eb gjithash, i mekanizmave t\u00eb\nracionalizimit, ndihmon q\u00eb paragjykimet t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb edhe  p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr\ninformatave t\u00eb cilat tregojn\u00eb paarsyeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                             Efektet e\nkontaktit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mjeti i tret\u00eb, i cili shpeshher\u00eb\np\u00ebrdoret dhe shpesh konsiderohet efikas, \u00ebsht\u00eb kontakti i drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me\ngrupet ndaj t\u00eb cilave ekzistojn\u00eb paragjykimet. Mir\u00ebpo, duhet theksuar se edhe\nkontaktet e tilla nuk kan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e paragjykimeve. A do\nt\u00eb ket\u00eb kontakti efekt apo jo n\u00eb pak\u00ebsimin e paragjykimeve, varet nga natyra e\nkontaktit dhe marr\u00ebdheniet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb atyre te t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ekzistojn\u00eb paragjykimet.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kontakti i fermer\u00ebve t\u00eb bardh\u00eb\ndhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve zezak\u00eb, t\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb bardh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre\nzezak\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb pak\u00ebsimin e paragjykimeve ndaj zezak\u00ebve. Pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit\ne bardh\u00eb edhe m\u00eb tutje diskriminimin e vet ndaj zezak\u00ebve e kan\u00eb shpjeguar me t\u00eb\nkaluar\u00ebn historike, si raport ndaj personave m\u00eb pak t\u00eb aft\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pak t\u00eb\nvlefsh\u00ebm dhe kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se diskriminimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i arsyesh\u00ebm. Nd\u00ebrkaq,\nte personat me interesa t\u00eb ngjashme, me status t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb  dhe me q\u00ebllime t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta, kontakti i\ndrejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekt pozitiv. Nj\u00eb efekt t\u00eb till\u00eb e ka, p\u00ebr\nshembull, kontakti nd\u00ebrmjet pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb zi dhe t\u00eb bardh\u00eb t\u00eb sindikateve. Nj\u00eb\nefekt t\u00eb till\u00eb e ka pasur edhe kontakti n\u00eb situat\u00ebn e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e\np\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb zezak\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e efektit pozitiv t\u00eb\nkontaktit e v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb edhe disa hulumtime, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat edhe i ashtuquajturi\neksperimenti aksional, t\u00eb cilin e kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb dy hulumtues (M. Deutsch dhe\nCollins) me organizimin e banimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, t\u00eb banimit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vend\ndhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb t\u00eb zinj\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve. Duke v\u00ebrtetuar\nzhvillimin e paragjykimeve t\u00eb t\u00eb bardhit para nj\u00eb aksioni t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe pas nj\u00eb\nkohe t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb aktiviteti t\u00eb till\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb ai \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar, kan\u00eb\nkonstatuar se n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar apo zvog\u00ebluar paragjykimet\nndaj zezak\u00ebve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i verifikimeve\ntregon, se ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb ndikim efikas n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e paragjykimeve e kan\u00eb\npersonat me autoritet, e para s\u00eb gjithash, prind\u00ebrit. Konsiderohet se sikur\nprind\u00ebrit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb paragjykimeve t\u2019i m\u00ebsonin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt marr\u00ebveshje dhe\ntoleranc\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb vihej as deri te formimi i nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb\nparagjykimeve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke zbatuar luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr\nparagjykimeve, duhet t\u00eb kihen parasysh mbi t\u00eb gjitha ata faktor\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt\nkontribuojn\u00eb me sukses n\u00eb tentimin i nd\u00ebrrimeve t\u00eb q\u00ebndrimeve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njohjet shkencore tregojn\u00eb se pa\nmarr\u00eb parasysh se sot ka m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb shumta dhe t\u00eb dobishme t\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr\nparagjykimeve, m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr m\u00ebnjanimin e tyre nuk ka. Paragjykimet\n\u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u2019i largosh dhe t\u00eb lirohesh prej tyre. Nj\u00eb autor thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb\nm\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb prishen ato se t\u00eb b\u00ebsh thyerjen e atomit. Duhet t\u00eb theksohet se\nefekti i luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr paragjykimeve varet nga lloji i paragjykimeve. Derisa\nparagjykimet, t\u00eb cilat burimin e vet kryesor e kan\u00eb n\u00eb konformim, largohen m\u00eb\nleht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa paragjykimet t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thella n\u00eb personalitet,\n\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i zbatuar dhe suksesi n\u00eb largimin e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i\nvog\u00ebl. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb paragjykimet t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanohen dhe n\u00eb\nshkaqet e shum\u00ebfishta t\u00eb cilat manifestohen n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi dhe q\u00eb nxisin\nparagjykime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Momentet ekonomike jan\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr\nshkaqet kryesore t\u00eb manifestimit t\u00eb paragjykimeve si fenomen shoq\u00ebror, mu p\u00ebr\nk\u00ebt\u00eb arsye vet\u00ebm nd\u00ebrrimet radikale n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn ekonomiko-shoq\u00ebrore edhe mund\nt\u00eb shpien deri te efektet me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi. Nd\u00ebrrimet e tilla do t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb q\u00eb\nedhe disa shkaqe psikologjike t\u00eb manifestimit t\u00eb paragjykimeve t\u00eb humbin n\u00eb\ndometh\u00ebnien e vet. Me ndalimin e rrezikimit ekonomik dhe t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb, me\nk\u00ebnaqjen e synimeve dhe q\u00ebllimeve p\u00ebr afirmim dhe prestigj, kur do t\u00eb \u00e7mohet\n\u00e7do pun\u00eb dhe \u00e7do form\u00eb e saj, do t\u00eb pak\u00ebsohen dhe dob\u00ebsohen dhe burimet\npsikologjike t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb paragjykimeve me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqjes t\u00eb nevojave\nt\u00eb ndryshme dhe d\u00ebshirave t\u00eb njeriut.                                                          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                         Idet\u00eb mbi  superioritetin e racave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebrkesat\np\u00ebr nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb grupi n\u00eb krahasim me grupin a grupet e\ntjera kan\u00eb qen\u00eb fenomen mjaft\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb. K\u00ebso k\u00ebrkesa jan\u00eb\nmanifestuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie nd\u00ebrmjet grupeve brenda nj\u00eb shteti a n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie\nnd\u00ebrmjet popujve n\u00eb komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti k\u00ebrkesat e tilla\nmb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb teori raciste, t\u00eb cilat shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb shkencat natyrore,\nbiologjike, antropologjike etj. p\u00ebr arsyetimin e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr pozit\u00eb t\u00eb\nprivilegjuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit\ne ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrymave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb sociologjis\u00eb antropologjike, biolog\u00eb,\nmjek\u00eb, filozof\u00eb, psikolog\u00eb, politikan\u00eb etj. n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb matjeve antropologjike,\nshtatit, form\u00ebs s\u00eb kafk\u00ebs, t\u00eb moll\u00ebzave, t\u00eb hund\u00ebs, t\u00eb buz\u00ebve, t\u00eb analizave t\u00eb\ngrupit t\u00eb gjakut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebsive t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb grupit, t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs, t\u00eb\nsyve, t\u00eb flok\u00ebve, t\u00eb rezultateve n\u00eb fushat e shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebs, artit etj. jan\u00eb\np\u00ebrpjekur p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar shkenc\u00ebrisht ekzistimin e racave t\u00eb \u201clarta\u201d,\npjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e t\u00eb cilave kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha intelektuale e fizike dhe i\nkontribuojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr zhvillimit dhe p\u00ebrparimit shoq\u00ebror, ekonomik,\nkulturor etj. dhe racave t\u00eb \u201culta\u201d, gj\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb parave u jep t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb\nbart\u00ebs t\u00eb civilizimit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idet\u00eb\nmbi superioritetin e racave jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura q\u00eb nga antika. Aristoteli(shekulli\nIV p. ep. son\u00eb) konsideronte se grek\u00ebt, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pozit\u00ebs gjeografike q\u00eb\nmbajn\u00eb dhe kualiteteve q\u00eb kan\u00eb, jan\u00eb t\u00eb predistinuar q\u00eb t\u00eb sundojn\u00eb bot\u00ebn.\nSipas Aristotelit, disa njer\u00ebz nga natyra lindin t\u00eb lir\u00eb, t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt si rob\u00ebr; disa\njan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtrohen, t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt t\u00eb sundojn\u00eb, e kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr\npopuj. Sipas k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr nga natyra grek\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa barbar\u00ebt jan\u00eb\nrob\u00ebr\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb\nshekullin XIX dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX Gobino(A. J. Gobineau,\n1816-1882), Frensis Golton(1822-1911), Lauzha (G. De Lapouge, 1854-1936), Ni\u00e7e\n(Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900), \u00c7emberlen(Houston Stewart Chamberlain,\n1855-1926 ose 1927), etj. flasin p\u00ebr dallimet nd\u00ebrmjet njer\u00ebzve dhe racave,\nduke v\u00ebn\u00eb rac\u00ebn ariane n\u00eb vend t\u00eb par\u00eb, si rac\u00eb superiore e njer\u00ebzve\nshtathedhur dhe bjond\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idet\u00eb\ne k\u00ebtilla kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb Gjermani gjat\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb\nt\u00eb shekullit XIX, kur m\u00eb qart\u00eb artikulohen k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr vendin dhe rolin e\nve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb rac\u00ebs gjermane n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb, si rac\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb moralisht dhe\nfizikisht superiore ndaj racave t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \nParagjykimet ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krejt\nk\u00ebto s\u2019do t\u00eb meritonin t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendeshin, sikur idet\u00eb e tilla t\u00eb mos kishin pasur\nn\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, por edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme implikime edhe n\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb. Vlladan\nGjorgjeviqi, Stojan Protiqi, Nikolla Pashiqi dhe racist\u00ebt e shovinist\u00eb t\u00eb\nndrysh\u00ebm, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur q\u00eb t\u2019i paraqesin shqiptar\u00ebt si popull t\u00eb paqytet\u00ebruar,\nt\u00eb prapambetur, t\u00eb paedukuar, papun\u00ebtor\u00eb(p\u00ebrtac\u00eb), dinak\u00eb, frikacak\u00eb, t\u00eb dob\u00ebt,\nagresiv\u00eb, dhunues etj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kualifikimet\ne k\u00ebtilla kan\u00eb qen\u00eb \u00e7do her\u00eb n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar pozit\u00eb\nt\u00eb privilegjuar a dominuese p\u00ebr nj\u00eb popull a p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grup, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb\ntjer\u00eb a grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme. Si t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla, ato jan\u00eb biologjikisht joshkencore\ne moralisht p\u00ebr gjykim. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb Ashraf Pahlavi, p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr p\u00ebr\nt\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar inforioritetin e njer\u00ebzve vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs a\nkarakteristikave etnike, i ka \u00e7muar si shenja t\u00eb\u201dmendjes s\u00eb luajtur ose\ndevijimit shpirt\u00ebror\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj Paragjykimet etnike paraqesin nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb madh shoq\u00ebror. Ato shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr nxitjen dhe p\u00ebrhapjen e antagonizmave dhe konflikteve n\u00eb mes grupeve dhe popujve dhe me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb aspekt edhe kan\u00eb sukses. P\u00ebr ata, ndaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb dedikuara, paragjykimet etnike paraqesin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, mjerim dhe fatkeq\u00ebsi, meq\u00ebn\u00ebse ua v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[1180],"class_list":["post-23324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-nik-gashaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23324"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23327,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23324\/revisions\/23327"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}