{"id":20507,"date":"2018-09-30T11:28:40","date_gmt":"2018-09-30T09:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=20507"},"modified":"2018-09-30T11:30:17","modified_gmt":"2018-09-30T09:30:17","slug":"te-drejtat-e-njeriut-dhe-diskriminimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=20507","title":{"rendered":"T\u00cb DREJTAT E NJERIUT DHE DISKRIMINIMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nik\u00eb Gashaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Termi diskriminim \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga gjuha latine \u2013 discrimino, diskriminare dhe ka kuptimin e ndarjes, dallimit, trajtimit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, i kufizimit t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave, ose t\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb. Termi diskriminim \u00ebsht\u00eb spjeguar n\u00eb nenin 1 t\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Eliminimin e t\u00eb Gjitha Formave t\u00eb Diskriminimit Racial. Sipas tij, termi\u201ddiskriminimi racial\u201d n\u00eb Konvent\u00eb \u201dka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me \u00e7do dallim, p\u00ebrjashtim, kufizim ose dh\u00ebnie t\u00eb p\u00ebrparsive, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e bazuar n\u00eb rac\u00eb, ngjyr\u00eb, prejardhje, origjin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare ose etnike, q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim ose p\u00ebr rezultat t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb ose t\u00eb komprometoj njohjen, g\u00ebzimin ose ushtrimin, n\u00eb kushtet e barazis\u00eb, t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe lirive themelore, n\u00eb fushat politike, ekonomike, sociale dhe kulturore ose n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo fushe tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb jet\u00ebs publike\u201d(neni 1).<\/p>\n

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Diskriminimi si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr format m\u00eb t\u00eb vrazhdta t\u00eb shkeljes s\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe lirive themelore \u00ebsht\u00eb fenomen mjaft i p\u00ebrhapur dhe bazohet n\u00eb \u201cdoktrina\u201d mbi superioritetin ose inferioritetin e racave, t\u00eb popujve, t\u00eb gjinive, etj., n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb cilave disa raca kan\u00eb vler\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb sundohen nga racat m\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme ( racat e larta).<\/p>\n

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Manifestimet e diskriminimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebt ose t\u00eb kamufluar i hasim edhe sot n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019grup b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00eb dhe\u00a0 Mali i Zi. K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb grupi n\u00eb krahasim me grupin a grupet e tjera kan\u00eb qen\u00eb fenomen mjaft\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti k\u00ebrkesat e tilla mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb teori raciste p\u00ebr arsyetimin e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr pozit\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjuar.<\/p>\n

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Idet\u00eb e tilla n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, por edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme kan\u00eb implikime edhe p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull: Vlladan Gjorgjeviqi, Stojan Protiqi, Nikolla Pashiqi dhe racist\u00eb e shovinist\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur q\u00eb t\u2019i paraqesin shqiptar\u00ebt si popull t\u00eb paqytet\u00ebruar, t\u00eb prapambetur, t\u00eb paedukuar, papuntor\u00eb (p\u00ebrtac\u00eb), dinak\u00eb, agresiv\u00eb, dhunues, t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, etj. Kualifikimet e k\u00ebtilla kan\u00eb qen\u00eb \u00e7do her\u00eb n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar pozit\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjuar a dominuese p\u00ebr nj\u00eb popull a p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grup, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb a grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme. Si t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla, ato jan\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb pa baza dhe moralisht p\u00ebr gjykim. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb intelektuali i njohur Ashraf Pahlavi, p\u00ebrpjeket p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar inferioritetin e njer\u00ebz\u00ebve vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs a karakteristikave etnike, i ka \u00e7muar si shenja t\u00eb \u201cmendjes s\u00eb luajtur ose devijimit shpirt\u00ebror\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Ekzistimi i t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb natyrshme subjektive e t\u00eb patjet\u00ebrsuara t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb qytetarit dhe nevoja q\u00eb ato t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb mbrohen ka qen\u00eb themel mbi t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb ndertuar e drejta publike.<\/p>\n

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Aktet e para m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jan\u00eb t\u00eb aprovuara: Kushtetuta e Virgjinis\u00eb e vitit 1776, Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs e vitit 1776, Deklarata franceze p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut e t\u00eb Qytetarit e vitit 1789 dhe Kushtetuta e Montanjarit e vitit 1793. Ato kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb standardet themelore t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb udh\u00ebrr\u00ebfyese p\u00ebr popuj dhe shtete t\u00eb tjera, me \u00e7ka kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb fituar vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit.<\/p>\n

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Komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar nga gjysma e dyt\u00eb e shekullit XIX gjith\u00ebnj\u00eb e m\u00eb tep\u00ebr angazhohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar barazin\u00eb e plot\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet shtetasave, pa marr\u00eb parasysh dallimet racore, komb\u00ebtare, fetare, gjuh\u00ebsore, etj.<\/p>\n

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Dispozitat t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr ndalimin e diskriminimit hasen n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb paqes q\u00eb jan\u00eb lidhur q\u00eb nga Lufta e Krimes\u00eb deri te marr\u00ebveshjet q\u00eb jan\u00eb\u00a0 lidhur pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. K\u00ebshtu, Traktati i Paqes i Parisit, i lidhur m\u00eb 1856, n\u00eb nenin 9 e detyronte Port\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha masat e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lirin\u00eb e plot\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shtetasve t\u00eb vet, pa marr\u00eb parasysh dallimet fetare ose racore.<\/p>\n

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Kongresi i Berlinit e ka zgjeruar rrethin e shteteve t\u00eb detyruara. Sipas nenit 62 t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Berlinit, Turqia ishte detyruar t\u00eb\u00a0 respektonte lirin\u00eb fetare, kurse Serbia, Mali i Zi, Rumunia dhe Bullgaria t\u00eb mbronin pakicat fetare, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht t\u00eb garantonin lirit\u00eb fetare dhe t\u00eb ndalonin \u00e7far\u00ebdo diskriminimi n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb fes\u00eb, p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket\u00eb zgjedhjes s\u00eb venqendrimit, ushtrimit t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave politike dhe pranimit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime publike.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e njohjes dhe t\u00eb mbrojtjes t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb lirive themelore p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb rac\u00ebs, gjuh\u00ebs dhe fes\u00eb, ka qen\u00eb objekt i rregullimit t\u00eb shum\u00eb kontratave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb lidhura pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Disa prej tyre p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb dispozita t\u00eb cilat shprehimisht ndalojn\u00eb diskriminimin, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb rac\u00ebs, gjuh\u00ebs ose t\u00eb fes\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Karta e\u00a0 Komb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bashkuara n\u00eb nenet 1, 13, 55 dhe 76, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb lirive themelore, thekson se kjo duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb pa kurrfar\u00eb dallimi p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket rac\u00ebs, gjinis\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebs apo fes\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb esenc\u00eb paraqet ndalim implicit t\u00eb diskriminimit. Edhe Deklarata e P\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut parasheh se t\u00eb drejtat nga ajo i takojn\u00eb \u00e7do njeriu pa kurrfar\u00eb dallimi p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket rac\u00ebs, ngjyr\u00ebs, gjuh\u00ebs, fes\u00eb (besimit), mendimit politik ose mendimit tjet\u00ebr, origjin\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare ose shoq\u00ebrore, pasuris\u00eb, lindjes ose rrethanave t\u00eb tjera (neni 2.). Deklarata parasheh gjithashtu (nenet 7,23, 26) se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb para ligjit; se \u00e7do kush ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb, n\u00eb shkollim, etj.<\/p>\n

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Bashk\u00ebsia nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, krahas dokumentave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme ka nxjerr\u00eb dhe dokumenta t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb cilat duhen t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb eliminimin e formave t\u00eb posa\u00e7me t\u00eb diskriminimit. N\u00eb at\u00eb drejtim, ka ardhur deri te aprovimi i dy dokumentave me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb cilat drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me diskriminimin Racor. Ato jan\u00eb: Deklarata e Komb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Eliminimin e t\u00eb Gjitha Formave t\u00eb Diskriminimit Racor(1963) dhe Konventa e BK p\u00ebr Eliminimin e t\u00eb Gjitha Formave t\u00eb Diskriminimit Racor(1965).<\/p>\n

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Me Kushtetuten\u00a0 Malit t\u00eb Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar:\u201dNdalohet \u00e7do diskriminim i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb dhe indirekt mbi \u00e7far\u00eb do baze\u201d(neni 8, alineja 1). Mali i Zi e ka aprovuar dhe Ligjin p\u00ebr ndalimin e diskriminimit. Mir\u00ebpo, ekzistimi i rregullave p\u00ebr ndalimin e diskriminimit n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb ose Ligj nuk mund t\u00eb merret sikurse diskriminimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i lejuar dhe se nuk ekziston. \u00a0Krahas supozimeve juridike, ajo varet dhe nga klima e p\u00ebrgjithshme shoq\u00ebrore, kultura politike dhe juridike, vet\u00ebdija qytetare demokratike, vullneti politik, si dhe nga ekzistimi i kapaciteve demokratike dhe t\u00eb resurseve njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe shtetit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs q\u00eb\u00a0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb afta, t\u00eb vendosura dhe t\u00eb gatshme q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase e konsekuente t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb kundra diskriminimit. Mir\u00ebpo, mund t\u00eb konkludohet se n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje Mali i Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje deficitare. K\u00ebshtu, vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb krahasim i praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb\u00a0 vendeve skadinave, kushtetutat e t\u00eb cilave nuk kan\u00eb k\u00ebso rregullash dhe disa vendeve t\u00eb tjera, kushtetutat e t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb shum\u00eb rregulla p\u00ebr ndalimin e tij, tregon t\u00ebr\u00eb shproporcionin ekzistues. Aty ku formalisht mund t\u00eb pritej t\u00eb ket\u00eb diskriminim fare s\u2019ka; aty ku konsiderohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundsh\u00ebm, aty ekziston. Nga kjo del se krejt varet nga shteti, organet dhe individ\u00ebt, se sa jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr ta luftuar diskriminimin, p\u00ebr shkak se ka plot shembuj kur ndonj\u00eb shtet zhvillon aso politike q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u2019u siguroj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjuar an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi dhe t\u2019i diskriminoj\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit a t\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb ndarjen e pasuris\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore (shfryt\u00ebzimi i banesave, kredive t\u00eb ndryshme, mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim, avansim n\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr pozita t\u00eb ndryshme, shkollim, mjekim etj.) si\u00e7 ka raste n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb komunitetit shqiptar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Nik\u00eb Gashaj \u00a0 Termi diskriminim \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga gjuha latine \u2013 discrimino, diskriminare dhe ka kuptimin e ndarjes, dallimit, trajtimit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, i kufizimit t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave, ose t\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb. Termi diskriminim \u00ebsht\u00eb spjeguar n\u00eb nenin 1 t\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Eliminimin e t\u00eb Gjitha Formave t\u00eb Diskriminimit Racial. Sipas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14722,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[1180],"class_list":["post-20507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-nik-gashaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20508,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20507\/revisions\/20508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}