{"id":18576,"date":"2018-04-05T12:09:02","date_gmt":"2018-04-05T10:09:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=18576"},"modified":"2018-04-05T12:09:02","modified_gmt":"2018-04-05T10:09:02","slug":"qytetari-dhe-politika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=18576","title":{"rendered":"QYTETARI DHE\u00a0 POLITIKA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nik\u00eb Gashaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Si form\u00eb themelore e fitimit t\u00eb pushtetit politik, procesi zgjedhor\u00a0 qysh kaher\u00eb ka t\u00ebrhequr vemendjen e politikan\u00ebve, politolog\u00ebve, si dhe ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nga\u00a0 pik\u00ebpamjet e disciplinave t\u00eb tyre kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin e tij.<\/p>\n

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Interesi \u00ebsht\u00eb pragmatik dhe i kuptuesh\u00ebm; duhet analizuar p\u00ebrcaktimin e\u00a0 trupit votues dhe t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb ndikimit n\u00eb\u00a0 p\u00ebrcaktimin politik zgjedhor, me qellim q\u00eb ndonj\u00eb parti politike, ide ose njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar pushtetin politik n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Zgjedhjet jan\u00eb procese t\u00eb aksionit shoq\u00ebror t\u00eb shkurta, por me nj\u00eb intensitet t\u00eb madh, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat reflektohen dhe shum\u00eb determinante psikologjike t\u00eb aktivitetit njer\u00ebzor.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes zgjedhore, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat parashtrohen\u00a0 pyetjet: pse njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebrcaktohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar; si p\u00ebrcaktimi politik formohet; si mund t\u00eb ndikohet n\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim?!<\/p>\n

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Analizat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi rezultatet e zgjedhjeve n\u00eb disa vende tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjerimin e pasivitetit t\u00eb elektoriatit, respektivisht n\u00eb abstenim. Pyetja p\u00ebr shkaqet e jointeresimit t\u00eb till\u00eb lidh dhe pyetjen tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb interesimit politik. P\u00ebr tu p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00eb ato pyetje, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00eb prov\u00eb p\u00ebr njohjen e ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb \u201delektoriatit pasiv\u201d. Andaj, disa autor\u00eb n\u00eb fillim jan\u00eb kufizuar n\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb kategorive demografike dhe socio-ekonomike, natyrisht interpretimi i rezultateve nuk ka mund t\u00eb shmanget nga kategorit\u00eb socio-psikologjike. Mir\u00ebpo, e t\u00ebr\u00eb ajo akoma nuk ka mjaftuar p\u00ebr tu kuptua pasiviteti politik i qytetar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

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Sipas autorit A. Kempbelit, qytetari pasiv i \u201cv\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i cili nuk voton p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb motivimit. Rrethanat t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me motivacionin jan\u00eb: n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se zgjedhet dikush i cili nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikoj n\u00eb organin n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin zgjedhet, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb destimulative p\u00ebr elektorat. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti kur deshirohet me\u00a0 i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb demokratike, megjith\u00ebq\u00eb pushteti \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb duar t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me \u201cnjeriun e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb\u201d. Natyrisht, se shumica e elektoriatit e vlerson se kandidatit t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi aty.<\/p>\n

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T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb shkaqet lidhur me t\u00eb ashtuquajtur t\u00eb votimit me interes, respektivisht me daljen n\u00eb zgjedhje e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e kusht\u00ebzuar me ndonj\u00eb\u00a0 vler\u00eb ose me interes t\u00eb zgjedh\u00ebs\u00ebve. Megjithat\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit shpesh dalin n\u00eb zgjedhje,\u00a0 jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb besojn\u00eb se ndonj\u00ebra prej alternativave t\u00eb prezentuara politike ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me ta, por thjesht\u00eb, \u00a0se\u00a0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar prej nj\u00eb presioni grupor i cili nga ata k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebr ta kryer \u201cdetyr\u00ebn \u00a0qytetare (civile)\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Orientimi zgjedhor \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur ngusht\u00eb me participimin zgjedhor. Prandaj, participimi i \u201cv\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja ajo e cila mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb perceptimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb veprimit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb vendimit zgjedhor p\u00ebr realizimin e nevojava t\u00eb veta, nj\u00eb participim i till\u00eb n\u00eb veti tashm\u00eb ky\u00e7 dhe orientimin ndaj nj\u00ebr\u00ebs nga alternativat.<\/p>\n

Zgjedhjet jan\u00eb form\u00eb e luft\u00ebs politike e cila n\u00eb esenc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb luft\u00eb e interesit. Partit\u00eb politike t\u00eb cilat prezentimin e alternativave n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn zgjedhore , s\u00ebpaku n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje teorike jan\u00eb reprezentativ t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

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Motivimi i elektoriatit \u00ebsht\u00eb perceptimi proporcional i p\u00ebrputhjes t\u00eb rolit e qellimeve t\u00eb ndonj\u00ebr\u00ebs prej partive politike me nevojat e tyre. Sipa profesorit t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb politike Ivan Shiber, orientimi zgjedhor \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat\u00a0 kombinimit t\u00eb tre faktor\u00ebve: t\u00eb ndikimit t\u00eb \u201ctradit\u00ebs politike\u201d t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire; t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs \u201cpolitike\u201d familare, \u00e7ka n\u00ebnkupton p\u00ebrcaktimin politik t\u00eb antar\u00ebve t\u00eb familes, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti n\u00eb periudhat kritike t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie gjegj\u00ebse dhe pozita personale e familare socioekonomike.<\/p>\n

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Pozita sociale n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe i cakton nevojat dhe qendrimet e njeriut, besimin dhe perceptimin e rrethit relevant politik, prandaj dhe llojin dhe drejtimin e aksionit politik, por jo dhe vet\u00ebm at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7\u00ebshtja e motivimit \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi dhe duke marr parasysh angazhimin e njer\u00ebz\u00ebve n\u00eb veprimin politik t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb prej organizatave, respektivisht t\u00eb partive politike. Si me i angazhua njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb ky\u00e7en n\u00eb veprimin partiak, qoft\u00eb si aktivista n\u00eb\u00a0 fushat\u00ebn zgjedhore, apo si antar\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb partie ? Sipas teoriticientit t\u00eb njohur Herberlelit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb dallohen kat\u00ebr tipe kryesore t\u00eb motivacionit:<\/p>\n

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  1. Motivacioni q\u00ebllimor-racional. Individi hyn n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb parti politike, sepse ka qendrim pozitiv p\u00ebr propozimin dhe qellimet e saj. K\u00ebtu ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me personin racional i cili pavar\u00ebsisht dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike e vler\u00ebson politik\u00ebn e\u00a0 partis\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb asaj p\u00ebrcaktohet. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb motiv i mir\u00ebpritur i p\u00ebrcaktimit politik, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt se \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e vendimtar, s\u00eb paku p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e antar\u00ebve, apo kryesisht p\u00ebr trupin\u00a0 elektorial.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    1. Motivacioni instrumental-racional . Individi hyn\u00eb n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb parti politike duke shpresuar se me at\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb dobi. K\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr at\u00eb se politika e p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe aktiviteti i partis\u00eb do t\u00eb shpie kah nd\u00ebrrimet pozitive, adekuate shoq\u00ebrore, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb cilave do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrohet pozitivisht dhe pozita individuale e qytetarit, vet\u00ebm ekskluzivisht q\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia n\u00eb parti politike sjell\u00eb me veti dhe privilegje gjegj\u00ebse. Nj\u00eb tip i till \u00a0i motivimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i shpesht.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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      1. Motivacioni tradicional. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr rezultatin e socializimit politik n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb mjedis, para s\u00eb gjithash familar, e cila krijon qendrime p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse pozitive ndaj ndonj\u00eb partie politike. Mund t\u00eb thuhet se individi politikisht \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh her\u00eb ashtu si jan\u00eb dhe prind\u00ebt. Fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb politik trash\u00ebgimtare familare e cila i p\u00ebrcakton preferencat politike.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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        1. Motivacioni emotiv-afektiv. Ky tip i motivimit mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb p\u00ebrvojat vetiake t\u00eb individit n\u00eb lidhje me personat konkret ose grupet t\u00eb cilat tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ky\u00e7ura n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb parti politike. Fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr ndjenjat pozitive, por dhe p\u00ebr ato negative t\u00eb cilat shpien deri te zgjedhjet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Shpeshher\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi politik b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsye t\u00eb personaliteteve karizmatik, por dhe var\u00ebsisht nga ndikimi i personaliteteve t\u00eb rrethit t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt shoq\u00ebror t\u00eb individit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb jan\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi (t\u00eb ashtuqujtur\u201dpersonalitete referente\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0   Nik\u00eb Gashaj   Si form\u00eb themelore e fitimit t\u00eb pushtetit politik, procesi zgjedhor\u00a0 qysh kaher\u00eb ka t\u00ebrhequr vemendjen e politikan\u00ebve, politolog\u00ebve, si dhe ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nga\u00a0 pik\u00ebpamjet e disciplinave t\u00eb tyre kan\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[1180],"class_list":["post-18576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-nik-gashaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18577,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576\/revisions\/18577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}