{"id":18206,"date":"2018-03-12T10:04:03","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T09:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=18206"},"modified":"2018-03-12T10:04:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T09:04:03","slug":"shtetet-e-ish-realsocializmit-dhe-demokracia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=18206","title":{"rendered":"SHTETET E ISH – REALSOCIALIZMIT DHE DEMOKRACIA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mbas ramjes t\u00eb Murit t\u00eb Belinit m\u00eb 1989. bota europiane realsocialiste u rr\u00ebnua \u201cp\u00ebrkrye nat\u00ebs\u201d. N\u00eb g\u00ebrmadhat e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr prov\u00eb e instalimit t\u00eb institucioneve\u00a0 t\u00eb sistemi politik t\u00eb europ\u00ebs prendimore. Ashtu p\u00ebr shembull\u00a0 nocionet: shteti juridik, shoq\u00ebria qytetare (civile) , pluralizmi politik, parlamentarizmi, shoq\u00ebria civile etj.\u00a0 u fut\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb t\u00eb folurit e p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm, menj\u00ebher e fluturim sikurse kometet nga gjith\u00ebsia e larg\u00ebt kosmike, duke na fascinua e habit, ashtu si dikur t\u00eb par\u00ebt tan\u00eb kur jan\u00eb takua me \u201cobjekte fluturuese t\u00eb pa indentifikuara\u201d,\u00a0 duke besuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb naive se ato objekte mistike jan\u00eb paraqitur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr qellim q\u00eb ato t\u2019u ndihmojn\u00eb e ti lirojn\u00eb nga vuajtjet e k\u00ebsaj bot\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019ua ber\u00eb jet\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur e m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur. Mir\u00ebpo, pas rezultateve fillestare modeste t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs postkomuniste, s\u00eb shpejti pjeket vet\u00ebdija se shpartallimi i realsocializmit \u00ebsht\u00eb mbarimi i regjimit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, por jo dhe i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr,\u00a0 e cila p\u00ebr dallim prej regjimit politik, nuk mundet q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb dekretit politik me u\u00a0 nderrua e me u transformua n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri qytetare (civile). Andaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00eb e qart\u00eb\u00a0 se kopjimi mekanik i sistemeve politike t\u00eb t\u00eb huaja, me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet \u00ebsht\u00eb sikuse t\u00eb kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb\u00a0 me ndertimin e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb duke filluar nga kulmi.<\/p>\n

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Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, recepsioni(pranimi) i parimeve liberale demokratike t\u00eb demokracive t\u00eb zhvilluara t\u00eb europ\u00ebs prendimore n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ish realsocializmit\u00a0 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i leht\u00eb. Meqen\u00ebse ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me specifikat apo ve\u00e7antit\u00eb e ndryshme t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, si dhe t\u00eb zhvillimit historik t\u00eb tyre mbi baza t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes tradicionale-patriarkale, fisnore, t\u00eb etnocentrizmit, etnonacionalizmit dhe fundamentalizmit. Andaj, duke u nisur nga njohje e tilla mund t\u00eb konstatohet se rruga postkomuniste kah nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri moderne demokratike \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb e k\u00ebrkon mundime dhe p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb k\u00ebto vende jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura institucionet demokratike, sikurse jan\u00eb: pluralizmi politik, zgjedhjet shum\u00ebpartiake, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi parlamentar, ndarja e pushtetit, garancit\u00eb kushtestuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat dhe lirit\u00eb e njeriut. Mir\u00ebpo, parashtrohet pyetja: si \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtja dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e funksionimit demokratik e tyre. Gjithashtu, problemi qendron n\u00eb munges\u00ebn e kultur\u00ebs politike. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre popujve mbizot\u00ebron nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb parohiale. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb e ruajtur tradita mitike e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha segmentet e kultur\u00ebs politike. Ndersa, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e zhvilluar kultura participative demokratike. Prandaj, p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb tilla,\u00a0 k\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira, e n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti\u00a0 vendet e Ballkanit Prendimor ballafaqohen me nj\u00eb gjendje deficitare p\u00ebrkah toleranca politike dhe dialogu i mir\u00ebfill\u00ebt midis orientimeve e strategjive t\u00eb ndryshme politike. Andaj, p\u00ebrderisa mos t\u00eb krijohen supozimet e tilla t\u00eb domosdoshme n\u00eb k\u00ebto shoq\u00ebri, iluzore \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr pluralizmin politik\u00eb demokratik n\u00eb kuptimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs, si dhe t\u00eb arrijtjeve qytet\u00ebruese. P\u00ebrkundrazi, mund t\u00eb flitet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pluralizmin simulant apo kuazipluralizmin. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebr sendertimin e shtetit juridik dhe t\u00eb pushtetit ligjor n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit Prendimor, sikurse \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe Mali i Zi, n\u00ebnkupton reforma thelb\u00ebsore e sistemit politik, e cila varet nga nj\u00eb seri faktor\u00ebsh: ekonomik, politik, ideologjik dhe kulturor.<\/p>\n

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N\u00ebqoft\u00eb se\u00a0 k\u00ebto kushte nuk plot\u00ebsohen, at\u00ebher\u00eb betimi n\u00eb shtetin juridik b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb i nj\u00eb rituali verbal \u2013 th\u00ebnje e fjal\u00ebve sakrale t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me stipulacionin romak(\u201cspondes \u2013 spondero\u201d) ose t\u00eb betimit nga mesjeta(\u201cper Deum jure…\u201d).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nga aspekti i shtetit juridik, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehen antinomi t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb tranzicionin aktual t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ton\u00eb. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, edhe pse, pjes\u00ebrisht \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00eb recesioni(pranimi) formalo-juridik t\u00eb institucioneve juridiko-shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb tipit liberal, p\u00ebrmbajtjen dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e funksionimit t\u00eb tyre edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb do ta karakterizoj karakteri partiak, pra i ashtuquejturi shteti partiak si antipod i shtetit juridik. P\u00ebr shtetin juridik \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shtetit partiak i cili i kufizon dhe i shkel lirit\u00eb e t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut, t\u00eb vendoset shteti n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin t\u00eb drejtat e lirit\u00eb jan\u00eb mas\u00eb e drejtshmeris\u00eb. Pastaj, \u00e7\u00ebshtja e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, varet nga kultura politike, si dhe nga zhvillimi i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb qytetare (civile). Perkunder dokrrave t\u00eb femij\u00ebve p\u00ebr kostumin e mbretit, k\u00ebtu kostumi i mbretit(forma) ekziston, por jo dhe mbreti.<\/p>\n

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Pa qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet\u00a0 aktiviteteve t\u00eb tyre ta bejn\u00eb demokracin\u00eb\u00a0 m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, suaza institucionale e demokracis\u00eb mbetet vet\u00ebm korniz\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb pa piktur\u00eb apo foto. Andaj si detyr\u00eb prioritare postkomuniste \u00ebsht\u00eb emancipimi i njeriut si individ, sepse ai p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ka jetua n\u00eb statusin e t\u00eb miturit politik, n\u00ebn skajin e nj\u00eb partije t\u00eb plot\u00ebfuqishme-apo t\u00eb shtetit partiak. Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt se prej suksesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrvetsimit t\u00eb detyrave t\u00eb historis\u00eb moderne dhe t\u00eb\u00a0 sigurimit t\u00eb supozimeve p\u00ebr sendertimin e t\u00eb drejtave universale t\u00eb njeriut, t\u00eb barazis\u00eb t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb popuj\u00ebve dhe pakicave komb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb pluralizmit demokratik e parlamentarizmit, varet se, a do t\u00eb af\u00ebrohemi shoq\u00ebris\u00eb moderne demokratike me m\u00eb shum\u00eb liri, demokraci dhe cil\u00ebsi jet\u00ebsore, apo do t\u00eb kthehemi prapa n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje parapolitike. Mir\u00ebpo, duhet t\u00eb shpresojm\u00eb se do t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb ajo e para. Megjithat\u00eb, fati yn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb pari do t\u00eb varet nga lufta kundra t\u00eb keqes. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do kush ta \u00a0frenoj e ndaloj \u00a0t\u00eb keqen n\u00eb vete, sepse n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kontribuon p\u00ebr mos p\u00ebrhapjen e saj tek njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb dhe n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi t\u00eb gjer\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga rrug\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb durueshme( L. Kollakovski) dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb n\u00eb qet\u00ebsi t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ardhm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 Nga Nik\u00eb Gashaj   Mbas ramjes t\u00eb Murit t\u00eb Belinit m\u00eb 1989. bota europiane realsocialiste u rr\u00ebnua \u201cp\u00ebrkrye nat\u00ebs\u201d. N\u00eb g\u00ebrmadhat e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr prov\u00eb e instalimit t\u00eb institucioneve\u00a0 t\u00eb sistemi politik t\u00eb europ\u00ebs prendimore. Ashtu p\u00ebr shembull\u00a0 nocionet: shteti juridik, shoq\u00ebria qytetare (civile) , pluralizmi politik, parlamentarizmi, shoq\u00ebria civile etj.\u00a0 u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[1180],"class_list":["post-18206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet","category-opinione","tag-nik-gashaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18207,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18206\/revisions\/18207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}