{"id":15328,"date":"2017-08-10T13:02:42","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T11:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=15328"},"modified":"2017-08-10T13:02:42","modified_gmt":"2017-08-10T11:02:42","slug":"partite-politike-dhe-demokracia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/?p=15328","title":{"rendered":"PARTIT\u00cb POLITIKE DHE DEMOKRACIA"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Shkruan Qani\u00a0 Osmani<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
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Demokracia bashk\u00ebkohore sot as q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kuptohet e ndar\u00eb nga partit\u00eb politike. Veprimi dhe ndikimi i nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm prej fazave m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb paraqitjes s\u00eb partive politike dhe zgjat deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e sotme, me tendenc\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. \u00c7\u2019 e v\u00ebrteta, kjo lidhshmeri nuk \u00ebshte manifestuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fazat e zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb moderne n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn form\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dhe me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin intezitet. Partit\u00eb politike u vun\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb qysh n\u00eb momentet kur masat e gjera popullore e fituan t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs si nj\u00eb e arritur shum\u00eb e vlefshme e demokracis\u00eb moderne. Rritja e numrit t\u00eb votuesve me siguri do t\u00eb kishte provokuar \u00e7rregullime dhe kaos po t\u00eb mos kishin ekzistuar partit\u00eb politike t\u00eb cilat e mor\u00ebn si obligim ta luajn\u00eb rolin e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit midis qytetar\u00ebve q\u00eb e g\u00ebzonin t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs dhe shtetit, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb rolin e faktorit i cili do ta organizoj\u00eb dhe mobilizoj\u00eb trupin votues. Partit\u00eb politike prej atij momenti shnd\u00ebrohen dal\u00ebngadal\u00eb n\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr realizimin dhe funksionimin e demokracis\u00eb. Ato s\u00eb shpejti u shnd\u00ebrruan n\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse aktive n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha proceset politike dhe demokratike n\u00eb shtetet bashk\u00ebkohore. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, pjesmarrja e partive politike n\u00eb proceset demokratike dhe politike b\u00ebhen nj\u00eb nga veprimet kryesore t\u00eb tyre. Sikurse shihet, fizionomin\u00eb dhe karakterin e sot\u00ebm partit\u00eb politike e marrin pas shum\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeve revolucionare dhe humane n\u00eb shtetet e Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore dhe SHBA, por vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb kur e drejta e vot\u00ebs u normua si e drejt\u00eb elementare q\u00eb u takon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve q\u00eb i plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb disa kritere t\u00eb parapara me ligj.<\/p>\n

Partit\u00eb politike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore z\u00ebn\u00eb vend shum t\u00eb rand\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Ato jan\u00eb faktor\u00eb pa t\u00eb cil\u00ebt s\u2019mund t\u00eb paramendohet zhvillimi shoq\u00ebror. Partit\u00eb politike jan\u00eb mjaft aktive sidomos n\u00eb krijimin dhe p\u00ebrparimin e demokracis\u00eb. Roli i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i pakontestuesh\u00ebm, kisha th\u00ebn\u00eb dhe qendror, sidomos n\u00eb shtetet q\u00eb i kan\u00eb pranuar vlerat dhe kriteret e demokracis\u00eb moderne. Me vet\u00eb faktin se partit\u00eb politike paraqesin lidhjen nd\u00ebrmjet njeriut t\u00eb r\u00ebndomt\u00eb dhe shtetit, mund t\u00eb konstatohet se jeta politike dhe demikracia jan\u00eb t\u00eb pamundshme ose tep\u00ebr t\u00eb cunguara pa partit\u00eb politike dhe garat q\u00eb zhvillohen midis tyre n\u00eb procesin e marrjes dhe t\u00eb ushtruarit t\u00eb pushtetit shtet\u00ebror. Duke mos e minimizuar rolin aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb partive politike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri parashtrohet dilema: A thua vall\u00eb partit\u00eb politike \u00e7doher\u00eb dhe n\u00eb \u00e7do rast jan\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe demokracis\u00eb si proces?! P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, edhe pse pothuajse n\u00eb parim t\u00eb gjitha shtetet q\u00eb synojn\u00eb demokracin\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb prira t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se demokracia sot \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundshme pa partit\u00eb politike, praktika e veprimit t\u00eb partive m\u00eb dit\u00eb na bind se ato mund t\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb pa demokracin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Autor\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb q\u00eb merren me hulumtimin e partive politike, qart\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dije se partit\u00eb politike vetvetiu nuk paraqesin kurrfar\u00eb garancie p\u00ebr zhvillimin demokratik t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Ashtu si\u00e7 e ka v\u00ebrtetua praktika e deritanishme. Partit\u00eb politike shpeshher\u00eb kultivojn\u00eb n\u00eb vehte edhe ambicie t\u00eb uzurpimit t\u00eb vlerave demokratike. Ato n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste i kufizojn\u00eb lirit\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut, i ngulfasin dialogun dhe toleranc\u00ebn, nxisin urrejtje nd\u00ebrmjet etniteteve, racave dhe religjioneve t\u00eb ndryshme. Historia e deritanishme e zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore na ofron mjaft shembuj konkret\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Mjafton t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet veprimi i partive fashiste nd\u00ebrmjet dy luft\u00ebrave bot\u00ebrore dhe praktika e partive komuniste gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs kur ato e ushtronin pushtetin shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb shtetet socialiste t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. Por, gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se dukuri t\u00eb ngjashme, jo n\u00eb form\u00ebn e asaj q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend paraprakisht, hasim edhe te shtetet pa ndonj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb madhe pluralo-partiake si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti me vendet t\u00eb cilat ne sot i njohim si \u201cshtete n\u00eb tranzicion\u201d,<\/em><\/strong> s\u00eb fundi, duhet cekur se partit\u00eb politike kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb rruge t\u00eb gjat\u00eb evolutive, rrug\u00eb e cila ka l\u00ebviz\u00eb prej mohimit t\u00eb partive politike drejt pranimit t\u00eb tyre si \u201ce keqe e domosdoshme e demokracis\u00eb\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Veprimi i partive politike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00ebdimensional, pesha e tyre shoq\u00ebrore vjen\u00eb n\u00eb shprehje para s\u00eb gjithash n\u00eb ndikimin q\u00eb ato e ushtrojn\u00eb ndaj politik\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore. N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se partia e merr pushtetin shtet\u00ebror, at\u00ebher\u00eb shteti n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb instrument t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb programit t\u00eb partis\u00eb politike (ose programeve t\u00eb partive politike kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr qeveri t\u00eb koalicionit); por n\u00eb shtetet me tradit\u00eb demokratike shum\u00ebpartiake, strukturat shtet\u00ebrore m\u00eb pak ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb mbajn\u00eb llogari edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat dhe nevojat e partive opozitare. S\u00eb fundi, niveli i demokratizimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie para se gjithash shihet nga hap\u00ebsira manovruese q\u00eb e kan\u00eb n\u00eb disponim partit\u00eb e opozit\u00ebs, me kusht q\u00eb opozita t\u00eb luaj rol konstruktiv n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

Partit\u00eb politike sipas rregullave demokratike, brenda afateve t\u00eb caktuara kohore (zakonisht katervje\u00e7are), para qytetar\u00ebve \u201cjapin llogari\u201d<\/em><\/strong> p\u00ebr at\u00eb se sa n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb dimensionin e t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjizhshmes q\u00eb me aq elan e plasojn\u00eb n\u00eb opinion. E gjith kjo para se gjithash b\u00ebhet gjat\u00eb fushat\u00ebs zgjedhore, si form\u00eb m\u00eb masive e debatit publik p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet ky\u00e7 t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Prandaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rastit q\u00eb zgjedhjet n\u00eb vendet me tradit\u00eb demokratike, llogariten si \u201cmekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e qytetar\u00ebve\u201d<\/em><\/strong> nga keqp\u00ebrdorimi i atyre q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb pushtet.<\/p>\n

Partit\u00eb politike paraqiten para se gjithash si promotor\u00eb kryesor n\u00eb procesin e krijimit t\u00eb vullnetit politik t\u00eb popullit. Rezulltatet e k\u00ebtij veprimi zakonisht vijn\u00eb n\u00eb shprehje gjat\u00eb zgjedhjeve, qofshin ato presidenciale, parlamentare ose vendore. Atje ku respektohen rregullat demokratike, i mund\u00ebsohet \u00e7do qytetari t\u00eb votoj\u00eb sipas bindjes dhe vullnetit t\u00eb tij politik. Megjithat\u00eb, rrespektimi i regullave demokratike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb parim i pranuar dhe i respektuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha shtetet pluralo-partiake. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta rastet kur vjen deri te \u201cdhunimi\u201d<\/em><\/strong> i vot\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe vullnetit t\u00eb popullit gjat\u00eb procesit zgjedhor, por rdhe m\u00eb von\u00eb gjat\u00eb ushtrimit t\u00eb pushtetit shtet\u00ebror nga partia ose partit\u00eb ngadh\u00ebnjyese. Partit\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet nuk guxojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb llogari vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nevojat e zgjedh\u00ebsve q\u00eb u kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahje gjat\u00eb garave zgjedhore. P\u00ebrkundrazi n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb demokratike gjat\u00eb qeverisjes s\u00eb vet n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb caktuara duhet t\u00eb heqin dor\u00eb nga programet e tyre, duke e respektuar sadopak edhe vullnetin e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjat\u00eb zgjedhjeve kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur obsione tjera; aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se merret parasysh fakti se nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje e qytetar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vote p\u00ebr shkaqe t\u00eb ndryshme mbeten \u00e7doher si t\u00eb pap\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/p>\n

Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, partit\u00eb politike \u201cjan\u00eb mekanizmat kryesor q\u00eb i krijojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe leht\u00ebsimet e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb ushtruarit e pushtetit shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet popullit dhe t\u00eb legjitimohen nga vota e popullit\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>Aktiviteti i partive politike n\u00eb rrumbullakimin e mendimit politik, \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb mjaft\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe e dobishme. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb k\u00ebtij aktiviteti partit\u00eb politike shndrohen n\u00eb mekanizma t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb. N\u00eb demokracit\u00eb moderne, vullneti i popullit p\u00ebrfundimisht duhet t\u00eb shprehet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet partive politike.<\/p>\n

Shikuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi nga ky aspekt, krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja se partit\u00eb politike dhe demokracia zhvillohen bashk\u00ebrisht, se ato e plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb dhe ndihmojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebn, gj\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb parim \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb se v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb praktika e zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive partiake jep argumente t\u00eb shumta se partit\u00eb politike n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta b\u00ebhen penges\u00eb serioze p\u00ebr zhvillimin e demokracis dhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Kjo dukuri \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb e pranishme te shtetet pa tradit\u00eb demokratike pluralo-partiake. Se sa do t\u00eb jen\u00eb partit\u00eb politike n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb varet nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga niveli i zhvillimit ekonomik, funsionimi i shtetit juridik, natyra e sistemit politik, numri i partive politike, kultura politike, emancipimi i masave t\u00eb gjera popullore etj.<\/p>\n

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Shkruan Qani\u00a0 Osmani\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0   Demokracia bashk\u00ebkohore sot as q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kuptohet e ndar\u00eb nga partit\u00eb politike. Veprimi dhe ndikimi i nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm prej fazave m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb paraqitjes s\u00eb partive politike dhe zgjat deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e sotme, me tendenc\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. \u00c7\u2019 e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13730,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[492],"class_list":["post-15328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinione","tag-qani-ormani"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15328"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15329,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15328\/revisions\/15329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulqini-online.com\/sajti\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}